Socioeconomic Status Differences in Children's Affective Decision-Making: The Role of Awareness in the Children's Gambling Task

Autor/inn/en	Delgado, Hernán; Aldecosea, Carina; Menéndez, Ñeranei; Rodríguez, Richard; Nin, Verónica; Lipina, Sebastián; Carboni, Alejandra
Titel	Socioeconomic Status Differences in Children's Affective Decision-Making: The Role of Awareness in the Children's Gambling Task
Quelle	In: Developmental Psychology, 58 (2022) 9, S. 1716-1729Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Delgado, Hernán) ORCID (Aldecosea, Carina) ORCID (Menéndez, Ñeranei) ORCID (Rodríguez, Richard) ORCID (Nin, Verónica) ORCID (Lipina, Sebastián) ORCID (Carboni, Alejandra)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0012-1649
DOI	10.1037/dev0001382
Schlagwörter	Forschungsbericht; Socioeconomic Status; Social Differences; Affective Behavior; Decision Making; Games; Young Children; Hierarchical Linear Modeling; Intelligence Tests; Nonverbal Ability; Foreign Countries; Uruguay; Test of Nonverbal Intelligence + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Socio-economic status; Sozioökonomischer Status; Sozialer Unterschied; Affective disturbance; Active behaviour; Affektive Störung; Decision-making; Entscheidungsfindung; Game; Spiel; Spiele; Frühe Kindheit; Intelligence test; Intelligenztest; Ausland
Abstract	Future-oriented decision-making is an important adaptive behavior. In the present study, we examined whether decision-making varies as a function of socioeconomic status (SES) using the Children's Gambling task (CGT). We administered the CGT to 227 children (49% female, 48% low SES) between the ages of 5 and 7 years. After completing the CGT, we assessed children's knowledge of the reward/loss contingencies. Data analysis was conducted through multilevel modeling. Fluid intelligence, as measured by the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, was included as a covariate in the analysis. Overall performance differed between SES groups. Children from middle/high-SES backgrounds learned to choose more from the deck with higher future reward. In contrast, children in the low-SES group did not act in a full future-oriented manner. No differences were found in the level of explicit understanding of the task reached by the two SES groups. Whereas middle/high-SES children with higher knowledge of the game performed better on the last blocks of the task in comparison with their same-SES peers with no understanding, low-SES children with higher explicit knowledge did not exhibit an improvement in their decision-making strategy in comparison with their same-SES low-awareness counterparts. Fluid intelligence did not predict CGT performance, suggesting that SES differences were not mediated by reasoning capabilities. The finding that children from low-SES families continued exhibiting an immediate reward-oriented strategy despite being aware of deck contingencies fits with (although speculatively) the evolutionary-developmental framework. (As Provided).
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Begutachtung	Peer reviewed
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01