Your Mind Wanders Weakly, Your Mind Wanders Deeply: Objective Measures Reveal Mindless Reading at Different Levels

Autor/inn/en	Schad, Daniel J.; Nuthmann, Antje; Engbert, Ralf
Titel	Your Mind Wanders Weakly, Your Mind Wanders Deeply: Objective Measures Reveal Mindless Reading at Different Levels
Quelle	In: Cognition, 125 (2012) 2, S.179-194 (16 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0010-0277
DOI	10.1016/j.cognition.2012.07.004
Schlagwörter	Academic Achievement; Human Body; Eye Movements; Cognitive Processes; Measures (Individuals); Perception; Attention; Reading; Task Analysis; Error Patterns + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Schulleistung; Menschlicher Körper; Augenbewegung; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess; Messdaten; Wahrnehmung; Aufmerksamkeit; Leseprozess; Lesen; Aufgabenanalyse; Fehlertyp
Abstract	Time Factors (Learning);When the mind wanders, attention turns away from the external environment and cognitive processing is decoupled from perceptual information. Mind wandering is usually treated as a dichotomy (dichotomy-hypothesis), and is often measured using self-reports. Here, we propose the levels of inattention hypothesis, which postulates attentional decoupling to graded degrees at different hierarchical levels of cognitive processing. To measure graded levels of attentional decoupling during reading we introduce the sustained attention to stimulus task (SAST), which is based on psychophysics of error detection. Under experimental conditions likely to induce mind wandering, we found that subjects were less likely to notice errors that required high-level processing for their detection as opposed to errors that only required low-level processing. Eye tracking revealed that before errors were overlooked influences of high- and low-level linguistic variables on eye fixations were reduced in a graded fashion, indicating episodes of mindless reading at weak and deep levels. Individual fixation durations predicted overlooking of lexical errors 5s before they occurred. Our findings support the levels of inattention hypothesis and suggest that different levels of mindless reading can be measured behaviorally in the SAST. Using eye tracking to detect mind wandering online represents a promising approach for the development of new techniques to study mind wandering and to ameliorate its negative consequences. (Contains 1 table and 6 figures.) (As Provided).
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Update	2017/4/10