Teaching and Learning Science in Hungary, 1867-1945: Schools, Personalities, Influences

Autor/in	Frank, Tibor
Titel	Teaching and Learning Science in Hungary, 1867-1945: Schools, Personalities, Influences
Quelle	In: Science & Education, 21 (2012) 3, S.355-380 (26 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0926-7220
DOI	10.1007/s11191-011-9344-5
Schlagwörter	Middle Class; Jews; Catholics; World Views; War; Educational Change; Foreign Countries; German; Technological Advancement; Science Instruction; Educational History; Universities; Religious Factors; Protestants; Immigration; Hungary + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Mittelschicht; Jew; Jude; Jüdin; Juden; Katholik; World view; Weltanschauung; Krieg; Bildungsreform; Ausland; Deutscher; Technological development; Technologische Entwicklung; Teaching of science; Science education; Natural sciences Lessons; Naturwissenschaftlicher Unterricht; History of education; Bildungsgeschichte; University; Universität; Protestantism; Protestantismus; Ungarn
Abstract	The article provides an overview of the development of teaching science in Hungary during both the time of the dual monarchy and the newly established independent Hungary after 1920. The integration of Hungary into the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867-1918) strengthened the effect of German speaking European science, the results of which were quickly channelled into the Hungarian school system at all levels. The Hungarian Academy as well as the University of Budapest (today Eotvos Lorand University) played a leading role in the "nationalization" of European science in the educational system. Scientific developments in Hungary strengthened the position of rational and secular thinking in a highly religious society and contributed to the erosion of the mental power of the church tradition, particularly that of the Roman Catholic Church. Toward World War I, influenced by the Protestant Churches, the Jewish tradition, and agnosticism, the public picture of science became more international, occasionally ready to consider challenges of the accepted world view, and sometimes less dogmatic. Leading Hungarian figures with an international reputation who played a decisive role in making science part of Hungarian thinking included the physicists Baron Lorand Eotvos and Sandor Mikola, the mathematicians Laszlo Racz and George Polya as well as a host of others in related fields. Emigration, mostly Jewish, after World War I, contributed to the curtailment of efforts to teach science effectively as some of the best people left Hungary for, mostly, Germany, Britain, and the United States. However, the interwar school system, the Hungarian version of the German "Gymnasium," continued to disseminate scientific thought in Hungarian education. Much of the information was foreign and appeared simply in translation--but an impressive array of indigeneous scientific results paved the way to a larger educated middle class then in the making. (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	Springer. 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-348-4505; e-mail: service-ny@springer.com; Web site: http://www.springerlink.com
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10