Eye Movements Reveal the Time-Course of Anticipating Behaviour Based on Complex, Conflicting Desires

Autor/inn/en	Ferguson, Heather J.; Breheny, Richard
Titel	Eye Movements Reveal the Time-Course of Anticipating Behaviour Based on Complex, Conflicting Desires
Quelle	In: Cognition, 119 (2011) 2, S.179-196 (18 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0010-0277
DOI	10.1016/j.cognition.2011.01.005
Schlagwörter	Eye Movements; Personality; Human Body; Language Processing; Inferences; Cognitive Processes; Theory of Mind; Internet; Visual Stimuli; Adults; Auditory Stimuli; Task Analysis; Prediction + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Augenbewegung; Personalität; Menschlicher Körper; Sprachverarbeitung; Inference; Inferenz; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess; Auditive Stimulation; Aufgabenanalyse; Vorhersage
Abstract	The time-course of representing others' perspectives is inconclusive across the currently available models of ToM processing. We report two visual-world studies investigating how knowledge about a character's basic preferences (e.g. "Tom's favourite colour is pink") and higher-order desires (his wish to keep this preference secret) compete to influence online expectations about subsequent behaviour. Participants' eye movements around a visual scene were tracked while they listened to auditory narratives. While clear differences in anticipatory visual biases emerged between conditions in Experiment 1, post-hoc analyses testing the strength of the relevant biases suggested a discrepancy in the time-course of predicting appropriate referents within the different contexts. Specifically, predictions to the target emerged very early when there was no conflict between the character's basic preferences and higher-order desires, but appeared to be relatively delayed when comprehenders were provided with conflicting information about that character's desire to keep a secret. However, a second experiment demonstrated that this apparent 'cognitive cost' in inferring behaviour based on higher-order desires was in fact driven by low-level features between the context sentence and visual scene. Taken together, these results suggest that healthy adults are able to make complex higher-order ToM inferences without the need to call on costly cognitive processes. Results are discussed relative to previous accounts of ToM and language processing. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10