Can Chimpanzees ("Pan troglodytes") Discriminate Appearance from Reality?

Autor/inn/en	Krachun, Carla; Call, Josep; Tomasello, Michael
Titel	Can Chimpanzees ("Pan troglodytes") Discriminate Appearance from Reality?
Quelle	In: Cognition, 112 (2009) 3, S.435-450 (16 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0010-0277
DOI	10.1016/j.cognition.2009.06.012
Schlagwörter	Preschool Children; Animals; Primatology; Cognitive Ability; Task Analysis; Individual Differences; Tests; Comparative Analysis; Age Differences + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Pre-school age; Preschool age; Child; Children; Pre-school education; Preschool education; Vorschulalter; Kind; Kinder; Vorschulkind; Vorschulkinder; Vorschulerziehung; Vorschule; Animal; Tier; Tiere; Denkfähigkeit; Aufgabenanalyse; Individueller Unterschied; Examination; Prüfung; Examen; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied
Abstract	A milestone in human development is coming to recognize that how something looks is not necessarily how it is. We tested appearance-reality understanding in chimpanzees ("Pan troglodytes") with a task requiring them to choose between a small grape and a big grape. The apparent relative size of the grapes was reversed using magnifying and minimizing lenses so that the truly bigger grape appeared to be the smaller one. Our "Lens" test involved a basic component adapted from standard procedures for children, as well as several components designed to rule out alternative explanations. There were large individual differences in performance, with some chimpanzees' responses suggesting they appreciated the appearance-reality distinction. In contrast, all chimpanzees failed a "Reverse Contingency" control test, indicating that those who passed the Lens test did not do so by learning a simple reverse contingency rule. Four-year-old children given an adapted version of the Lens test failed it while 4.5-year-olds passed. Our study constitutes the first direct investigation of appearance-reality understanding in chimpanzees and the first cross-species comparison of this capacity. (Contains 7 figures and 2 tables.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10