Have Standard Formulas Correcting Correlations for Range Restriction Been Adequately Tested?: Minor Sampling Distribution Quirks Distort Them

Autor/inn/en	Johnson, Wendy; Deary, Ian J.; Bouchard, Thomas J., Jr.
Titel	Have Standard Formulas Correcting Correlations for Range Restriction Been Adequately Tested?: Minor Sampling Distribution Quirks Distort Them
Quelle	In: Educational and Psychological Measurement, 78 (2018) 6, S.1021-1055 (35 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0013-1644
DOI	10.1177/0013164417736092
Schlagwörter	Correlation; Sampling; Statistical Distributions; Accuracy; Foreign Countries; Cognitive Tests; Statistical Analysis; Maximum Likelihood Statistics; Followup Studies; Older Adults; Children; Twins; United Kingdom (Scotland); Minnesota; Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; Raven Progressive Matrices; Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Korrelation; Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung; Ausland; Kognitiver Fähigkeitstest; Statistische Analyse; Follow-up studies; Kontaktstudium; Älterer Erwachsener; Child; Kind; Kinder; Twin; Zwilling
Abstract	Most study samples show less variability in key variables than do their source populations due most often to indirect selection into study participation associated with a wide range of personal and circumstantial characteristics. Formulas exist to correct the distortions of population-level correlations created. Formula accuracy has been tested using simulated normally distributed data, but empirical data are rarely available for testing. We did so in a rare data set in which it was possible: the 6-Day Sample, a representative subsample of 1,208 from the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 of cognitive ability in 1936-born Scottish schoolchildren (70,805). 6-Day Sample participants completed a follow-up assessment in childhood and were re-recruited for study at age 77 years. We compared full 6-Day Sample correlations of early-life variables with those of the range-restricted correlations in the later-participating subsample, before and after adjustment for direct and indirect range restriction. Results differed, especially for two highly correlated cognitive tests; neither reproduced full-sample correlations well due to small deviations from normal distribution in skew and kurtosis. Maximum likelihood estimates did little better. To assess these results' typicality, we simulated sample selection and made similar comparisons using the 42 cognitive ability tests administered to the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, with very similar results. We discuss problems in developing further adjustments to offset range-restriction distortions and possible approaches to solutions. (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: http://sagepub.com
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01