Texas's Decision to Have Twelve Grades

Autor/in	Watlington, Kathy
Titel	Texas's Decision to Have Twelve Grades
Quelle	In: American Educational History Journal, 39 (2012) 1, S.145-163 (19 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1535-0584
ISBN	978-1-6239-6008-7
Schlagwörter	School Districts; Instructional Program Divisions; Educational History; United States History; Grade 12; Educational Change; Superintendents; Politics of Education; Texas + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? School district; Schulbezirk; History of education; Bildungsgeschichte; School year 12; 12. Schuljahr; Schuljahr 12; Bildungsreform; Schulrat; Educational policy; Bildungspolitik
Abstract	A majority of American students have taken the journey through schools that progressed from first to twelfth grade. So by the 1913 Committee on the Economy of Time in Education, American education featured a twelve-grade system quickly evolving from the forces of consolidation and corporate efficiency. Such was not the reality in Texas schools. The state's twelfth grade began with a recommendation from George Strayer. Under the distinguished leadership of Superintendent George Sims, Port Arthur took Strayer's recommendation, making Port Arthur the first Texas school district to move to a twelve-grade system. This article traces the slow and seemingly random dance that Texas's independent school districts made with this transition. First, why and how did the Port Arthur school system change to twelve grades? Which schools followed Port Arthur and how did they implement this change within their districts? Next, how was the idea of change to a twelve grade program debated over a fifteen year period? And when and why did the Texas Education Agency finally decide to take charge of the transition and what did that ultimately look like? (ERIC).
Anmerkungen	IAP - Information Age Publishing, Inc. P.O. Box 79049, Charlotte, NC 28271-7047. Tel: 704-752-9125; Fax: 704-752-9113; e-mail: infoage@infoagepub.com; Web site: http://www.infoagepub.com/american-educational-history-journal.html
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10