Heeding the Voice of Experience: The Role of Talker Variation in Lexical Access

Autor/inn/en	Creel, Sarah C.; Aslin, Richard N.; Tanenhaus, Michael K.
Titel	Heeding the Voice of Experience: The Role of Talker Variation in Lexical Access
Quelle	In: Cognition, 106 (2008) 2, S.633-664 (32 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0010-0277
DOI	10.1016/j.cognition.2007.03.013
Schlagwörter	Vocabulary; Cues; Cognitive Processes; Eye Movements; Word Recognition; English; Task Analysis; Phonemes; Speech + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Wortschatz; Stichwort; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess; Augenbewegung; Worterkennung; English language; Englisch; Aufgabenanalyse; Fonem; Speaking; Sprechen
Abstract	Two experiments used the head-mounted eye-tracking methodology to examine the time course of lexical activation in the face of a non-phonemic cue, talker variation. We found that lexical competition was attenuated by consistent talker differences between words that would otherwise be lexical competitors. In Experiment 1, some English cohort word-pairs were consistently spoken by a single talker (male "couch," male "cows"), while other word-pairs were spoken by different talkers (male "sheep," female "sheet"). After repeated instances of talker-word pairings, words from different-talker pairs showed smaller proportions of competitor fixations than words from same-talker pairs. In Experiment 2, participants learned to identify black-and-white shapes from novel labels spoken by one of two talkers. All of the 16 novel labels were VCVCV word-forms atypical of, but not phonologically illegal in, English. Again, a word was consistently spoken by one talker, and its cohort or rhyme competitor was consistently spoken either by that same talker (same-talker competitor) or the other talker (different-talker competitor). Targets with different-talker cohorts received greater fixation proportions than targets with same-talker cohorts, while the reverse was true for fixations to cohort competitors; there were fewer erroneous selections of competitor referents for different-talker competitors than same-talker competitors. Overall, these results support a view of the lexicon in which entries contain extra-phonemic information. Extensions of the artificial lexicon paradigm and developmental implications are discussed. (Author).
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Update	2017/4/10