The Emergence of Tool Use during the Second Year of Life

Autor/inn/en	Rat-Fischer, Lauriane; O'Regan, J. Kevin; Fagard, Jacqueline
Titel	The Emergence of Tool Use during the Second Year of Life
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 113 (2012) 3, S.440-446 (7 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0022-0965
DOI	10.1016/j.jecp.2012.06.001
Schlagwörter	Infants; Toys; Observational Learning; Child Development; Age Differences; Spatial Ability; Skill Development; Child Psychology + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Infant; Toddler; Toddlers; Kleinkind; Toy; Spielzeug; Imitationslernen; Kindesentwicklung; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Räumliches Vorstellungsvermögen; Kompetenzentwicklung; Qualifikationsentwicklung; Kinderpsychologie
Abstract	Despite a growing interest in the question of tool-use development in infants, no study so far has systematically investigated how learning to use a tool to retrieve an out-of-reach object progresses with age. This was the first aim of this study, in which 60 infants, aged 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22 months, were presented with an attractive toy and a rake-like tool. There were five conditions of spatial relationships between the toy and the tool, going from the toy and tool being connected to there being a large spatial gap between them. A second aim of the study was to evaluate at what age infants who spontaneously fail the task can learn this complex skill by being given a demonstration from an adult. Results show that even some of the youngest infants could spontaneously retrieve the toy when it was presented inside and touching the top part of the tool. In contrast, in conditions with a spatial gap, the first spontaneous successes were observed at 18 months, suggesting that a true understanding of the use of the tool has not been fully acquired before that age. Interestingly, it is also at 18 months that infants began to benefit from the demonstration in the conditions with a spatial gap. The developmental steps for tool use observed here are discussed in terms of changes in infants' ability to attend to more than one item in the environment. The work provides insight into the progressive understanding of tool use during infancy and into how observational learning improves with age. (Contains 2 figures.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10