Effects of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation of Infant Formula on Cognition and Behaviour at 9 Years of Age

Autor/inn/en	de Jong, Corina; Kikkert, Hedwig K.; Fidler, Vaclav; Hadders-Algra, Mijna
Titel	Effects of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation of Infant Formula on Cognition and Behaviour at 9 Years of Age
Quelle	In: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 54 (2012) 12, S.1102-1108 (7 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0012-1622
DOI	10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04444.x
Schlagwörter	Memory; Pregnancy; Females; Smoking; Control Groups; Infants; Cognitive Development; Intelligence Quotient; Nutrition; Children; Child Behavior; Mothers; Testing; Correlation; Scores; Verbal Communication + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Gedächtnis; Schwangerschaft; Weibliches Geschlecht; Rauchen; Infant; Toddler; Toddlers; Kleinkind; Kognitive Entwicklung; Intelligenzquotient; Ernährung; Child; Kind; Kinder; Mother; Mutter; Testdurchführung; Testen; Korrelation
Abstract	Aim: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation of infant formula may have a beneficial effect on cognitive development. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LCPUFA formula supplementation primarily on cognition and secondarily on behaviour at age 9 years. Special attention was paid to the potentially modifying effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy. Method: A double-blind, randomized control study was performed in two groups of healthy infants born at term: one group, constituting the control group, received standard formula (n = 169) and another group received standard formula supplemented with LCPUFAs (n = 146). A breastfed group (n = 159) served as an additional reference. At 9 years of age, 72% of the children (control group: n = 123; 71 males, 52 females; LCPUFA group: n = 91; 42 males, 49 females; breastfed group: n = 127, 64 males, 63 females) underwent extensive cognitive and behavioural testing. Results: An interaction between infant nutrition and smoking during pregnancy was found. Among children exposed to smoking during pregnancy, LCPUFA supplementation was associated with higher mean verbal IQ scores (p = 0.007) and learning and memory (p = 0.006). Among children not exposed to smoking during pregnancy, LCPUFA supplementation was associated with lower mean verbal memory scores (p = 0.003). Executive function scores were significantly lower in the LCPUFA-supplemented group than in the control group (p = 0.001). Breastfeeding was associated with better performance on IQ (p = 0.005). Interpretation: No consistent beneficial effect of LCPUFA formula supplementation on cognitive development in term-born infants was found. The study confirmed that breastfeeding is associated with better cognition. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.) (As Provided).
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Update	2017/4/10