Does Response Variability Predict Distractibility among Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

Autor/inn/en	Adams, Zachary W.; Roberts, Walter M.; Milich, Richard; Fillmore, Mark T.
Titel	Does Response Variability Predict Distractibility among Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?
Quelle	In: Psychological Assessment, 23 (2011) 2, S.427-436 (10 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1040-3590
DOI	10.1037/a0022112
Schlagwörter	Prediction; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Reaction Time; Validity; Task Analysis; Comparative Analysis; Control Groups; Correlation; Evaluation Methods; Eye Movements; Statistical Analysis + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Vorhersage; Reaktionsvermögen; Gültigkeit; Aufgabenanalyse; Korrelation; Augenbewegung; Statistische Analyse
Abstract	Increased intraindividual variability in response time (RTSD) has been observed reliably in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and has often been used as a measure of inattention. RTSD is assumed to reflect attentional lapses and distractibility, though evidence for the validity of this connection is lacking. We assessed whether RTSD is an indicator of inattention by comparing RTSD on the stop-signal task (SST) with performance on the delayed oculomotor response (DOR) task, a measure of distractibility. Participants included 30 adults with ADHD and 28 controls. Participants completed the SST and the DOR task, which measured subjects' ability to maintain attention and avoid distraction by inhibiting reflexive saccades toward distractors. On the SST, the ADHD group was slower to inhibit than were controls, indicating poorer inhibitory control in ADHD. The ADHD group also displayed slower reaction times (RTs), greater RTSD, and more omission errors. On the DOR task, the ADHD group displayed more premature saccades (i.e., greater distractibility) than did controls. Greater variability in RT was associated with increased distraction on the DOR task, but only in ADHD participants. Results suggest that RTSD is linked to distractibility among adults with ADHD and support the use of RTSD as a valid measure of inattention in ADHD. (Contains 4 tables.) (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org/publications
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10