Gestalt Principles in the Control of Motor Action

Autor/inn/en	Klapp, Stuart T.; Jagacinski, Richard J.
Titel	Gestalt Principles in the Control of Motor Action
Quelle	In: Psychological Bulletin, 137 (2011) 3, S.443-462 (20 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0033-2909
DOI	10.1037/a0022361
Schlagwörter	Stellungnahme; Reaction Time; Auditory Perception; Psychomotor Skills; Responses; Nonverbal Communication; Perceptual Development; Perceptual Motor Learning; Spatial Ability; Cognitive Processes + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Reaktionsvermögen; Auditive Wahrnehmung; Akustische Wahrnehmung; Akustik; Psychomotorische Aktivität; Non-verbal communication; Nonverbale Kommunikation; Wahrnehmungsentwicklung; Perceptual-motor learning; Sensumotorisches Lernen; Wahrnehmungsschulung; Räumliches Vorstellungsvermögen; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess
Abstract	We argue that 4 fundamental gestalt phenomena in perception apply to the control of motor action. First, a motor gestalt, like a perceptual gestalt, is holistic in the sense that it is processed as a single unit. This notion is consistent with reaction time results indicating that all gestures for a brief unit of action must be programmed prior to initiation of any part of the movement. Additional reaction time results related to initiation of longer responses are consistent with processing in terms of a sequence of indivisible motor gestalts. Some actions (e.g., many involving coordination of the hands) can be carried out effectively only if represented as a unitary gestalt. Second, a perceptual gestalt is independent of specific sensory receptors, as evidenced by perceptual constancy. In a similar manner a motor gestalt can be represented independently of specific muscular effectors, thereby allowing motor constancy. Third, just as a perceptual pattern (e.g., a Necker cube) is exclusively structured into only 1 of its possible configurations at any moment in time, processing prior to action is limited to 1 motor gestalt. Fourth, grouping in apparent motion leads to stream segregation in visual and auditory perception; this segregation is present in motor action and is dependent on the temporal rate. We discuss congruence of gestalt phenomena across perception and motor action (a) in relation to a unitary perceptual-motor code, (b) with respect to differences in the role of awareness, and (c) in conjunction with separate neural pathways for conscious perception and motor control. (Contains 4 figures, 1 table and 5 footnotes.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10