Anomalous Development of Brain Structure and Function in Spina Bifida Myelomeningocele

Autor/inn/en	Juranek, Jenifer; Salman, Michael S.
Titel	Anomalous Development of Brain Structure and Function in Spina Bifida Myelomeningocele
Quelle	In: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 16 (2010) 1, S.23-30 (8 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1940-5510
Schlagwörter	Neurological Impairments; Congenital Impairments; Pregnancy; Neurology; Brain; Brain Hemisphere Functions; Disabilities + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Neurodegenerative Erkrankung; Schwangerschaft; Neurologie; Gehirn; Handicap; Behinderung
Abstract	Spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM) is a specific type of neural tube defect whereby the open neural tube at the level of the spinal cord alters brain development during early stages of gestation. Some structural anomalies are virtually unique to individuals with SBM, including a complex pattern of cerebellar dysplasia known as the Chiari II malformation. Other structural anomalies are not necessarily unique to SBM, including altered development of the corpus callosum and posterior fossa. Within SBM, tremendous heterogeneity is reflected in the degree to which brain structures are atypical in qualitative appearance and quantitative measures of morphometry. Hallmark structural features of SBM include overall reductions in posterior fossa and cerebellum size and volume. Studies of the corpus callosum have shown complex patterns of agenesis or hypoplasia along its rostral-caudal axis, with rostrum and splenium regions particularly susceptible to agenesis. Studies of cortical regions have demonstrated complex patterns of thickening, thinning, and gyrification. Diffusion tensor imaging studies have reported compromised integrity of some specific white matter pathways. Given equally complex ocular motor, motor, and cognitive phenotypes consisting of relative strengths and weaknesses that seem to align with altered structural development, studies of SBM provide new insights to our current understanding of brain structure-function associations. (Contains 1 table and 5 figures.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10