A Competitive Nonverbal False Belief Task for Children and Apes

Autor/inn/en	Krachun, Carla; Carpenter, Malinda; Call, Josep; Tomasello, Michael
Titel	A Competitive Nonverbal False Belief Task for Children and Apes
Quelle	In: Developmental Science, 12 (2009) 4, S.521-535 (15 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1363-755X
DOI	10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00793.x
Schlagwörter	Preschool Children; Rewards; Primatology; Animals; Experiments; Conditioning; Learning Processes; Learning Theories; Reinforcement; Stimulation; Stimuli + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Pre-school age; Preschool age; Child; Children; Pre-school education; Preschool education; Vorschulalter; Kind; Kinder; Vorschulkind; Vorschulkinder; Vorschulerziehung; Vorschule; Reward; Belohnung; Animal; Tier; Tiere; Erprobung; Learning process; Lernprozess; Learning theory; Lerntheorie; Positive Verstärkung; Anreizsystem
Abstract	A nonverbal false belief task was administered to children (mean age 5 years) and two great ape species: chimpanzees ("Pan troglodytes") and bonobos ("Pan paniscus"). Because apes typically perform poorly in cooperative contexts, our task was competitive. Two versions were run: in both, a human competitor witnessed an experimenter hide a reward in one of two containers. When the competitor then left the room (version A) or turned around (version B), the experimenter switched the locations of the containers. The competitor returned and reached with effort, but unsuccessfully, towards the incorrect container. Children displayed an understanding of the competitor's false belief by correctly choosing the other container to find the reward. Apes did not. However, in version A (but not version B), apes looked more often at the unchosen container in false belief trials than in true belief control trials, possibly indicating some implicit or uncertain understanding that needs to be investigated further. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10