The Exact vs. Approximate Distinction in Numerical Cognition May Not Be Exact, but Only Approximate: How Different Processes Work Together in Multi-Digit Addition

Autor/inn/en	Klein, Elise; Nuerk, Hans-Christoph; Wood, Guilherme; Knops, Andre; Willmes, Klaus
Titel	The Exact vs. Approximate Distinction in Numerical Cognition May Not Be Exact, but Only Approximate: How Different Processes Work Together in Multi-Digit Addition
Quelle	In: Brain and Cognition, 69 (2009) 2, S.369-381 (13 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0278-2626
DOI	10.1016/j.bandc.2008.08.031
Schlagwörter	Number Concepts; Computation; Cognitive Processes; Arithmetic + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Number concept; Zahlbegriff; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess; Addition; Arithmetik; Arithmetikunterricht; Rechnen
Abstract	Two types of calculation processes have been distinguished in the literature: approximate processes are supposed to rely heavily on the non-verbal quantity system, whereas exact processes are assumed to crucially involve the verbal system. These two calculation processes were commonly distinguished by manipulation of two factors in addition problems: the identity of the target and the distance of the distractor. However, in all previous studies, these two factors were not manipulated independently. In this fMRI study, we could disentangle the two factors by using a different (two-digit) number stimulus set. Both behavioral and neurofunctional data suggest that the cognitive processes involved could be best explained by the (independent) factors target and distractor distance. Based on these data we suggest that the exact/approximate distinction does not seem to be as generally valid as previously assumed. We conclude that this study may be a starting point for a closer examination of the experimental, procedural and strategic conditions of when the exact/approximate distinction is valid and when it is not. (Contains 5 tables and 4 figures.) (As Provided).
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Update	2017/4/10