Selective Short-Term Memory Deficits Arise from Impaired Domain-General Semantic Control Mechanisms

Autor/inn/en	Hoffman, Paul; Jefferies, Elizabeth; Ehsan, Sheeba; Hopper, Samantha; Lambon Ralph, Matthew A.
Titel	Selective Short-Term Memory Deficits Arise from Impaired Domain-General Semantic Control Mechanisms
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35 (2009) 1, S.137-156 (20 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0278-7393
DOI	10.1037/a0013985
Schlagwörter	Semantics; Short Term Memory; Patients; Aphasia; Language Impairments; Comparative Analysis; Adults; Recall (Psychology); Language Processing; Foreign Countries; Verbs; Verbal Communication; Phonology; Reaction Time; United Kingdom (Manchester); Raven Progressive Matrices; Wisconsin Card Sorting Test + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Semantik; Kurzzeitgedächtnis; Patient; Expressive Aphasie; Aphasie; Speech disorder; Speech disorders; Speech disabilities; Speech disability; Speech handicap; Speech handicaps; Speech impairment; Speech impairments; Language handicaps; Sprachbehinderung; Abberufung; Sprachverarbeitung; Ausland; Fonologie; Reaktionsvermögen
Abstract	Semantic short-term memory (STM) patients have a reduced ability to retain semantic information over brief delays but perform well on other semantic tasks; this pattern suggests damage to a dedicated buffer for semantic information. Alternatively, these difficulties may arise from mild disruption to domain-general semantic processes that have their greatest impact on demanding STM tasks. In this study, mild semantic processing impairments were demonstrated in 2 semantic STM patients. They performed well on untimed semantic tasks but were deficient in accuracy and reaction times on speeded tasks. Demanding semantic production tasks were also affected. These patients were compared with a case series of individuals with semantic aphasia whose multimodal semantic difficulties stemmed from poor cognitive control. STM and semantic performance were more impaired in this group, but there were qualitative similarities to the semantic STM patients. The difference between the 2 patient types may be a matter of degree. In semantic aphasia, severe disruption to semantic control leads to global semantic impairments, whereas in semantic STM milder disruption might impact mainly on STM tests because of the high control demands of these tasks. (Contains 4 footnotes, 7 tables, and 4 figures.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10