Occasion Setting Is Specific to the CS-US Association

Autor/in	Bonardi, Charlotte
Titel	Occasion Setting Is Specific to the CS-US Association
Quelle	In: Learning and Motivation, 38 (2007) 3, S.208-228 (21 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0023-9690
DOI	10.1016/j.lmot.2006.08.003
Schlagwörter	Stimuli; Experiments; Animals; Animal Behavior; Discrimination Learning; Conditioning; Behavioral Science Research; Cognitive Processes + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Anreizsystem; Erprobung; Animal; Tier; Tiere; Tierverhalten; Lernen; Lernprozess; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess
Abstract	In Experiment 1, rats were trained on a discrimination in which one occasion setter, A, signaled that one cue (conditioned stimulus, CS), x, would be followed by one outcome, p (unconditioned stimulus, US), and a second CS, y, by a different outcome, q (x [right arrow] p and y [right arrow] q); a second occasion setter, B signalled the reverse CS-outcome relations (x [right arrow] q and y [right arrow] p). In a subsequent stage, the animals were divided into two groups, and trained as before, except that both A and B were presented in compound with a novel occasion setter, C. For Group S (same) the CS-outcome relations following A and B were identical to those in the pretraining stage, whereas in Group D (different) they were reversed. In a subsequent test, stimulus C was shown to be a more effective occasion setter in Group D than in Group S. In Experiment 2, rats were trained on a negative occasion-setting discrimination in which CS x signaled outcome p, and y outcome q; when x and y were signaled by the occasion setter A then no outcome followed (x [right arrow] p, y [right arrow] q, A:x-, and A:y-). In a subsequent stage, A was now trained as a positive occasion setter, signaling reinforcement of x and y. In Group S, x and y signaled the same outcomes as in the prior training stage (x-, y-, A:x [right arrow] p, and A:y [right arrow] q), whereas in Group D they signaled the opposite outcomes (x, y, A:x [right arrow] q, and A:y [right arrow] p); more efficient test performance was seen in the latter group. These results suggest that the each occasion setter conveyed information about the specific combination of CS and US paired in its presence (i.e., x [right arrow] p and y [right arrow] q, or x [right arrow] "no" p and y [right arrow] "no" q). These results are consistent with the suggestion that occasion setters operate, at least in part, on a specific CS-US association. (Author).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10