Auditory Speech Recognition and Visual Text Recognition in Younger and Older Adults: Similarities and Differences between Modalities and the Effects of Presentation Rate

Autor/inn/en	Humes, Larry E.; Burk, Matthew H.; Coughlin, Maureen P.; Busey, Thomas A.; Strauser, Lauren E.
Titel	Auditory Speech Recognition and Visual Text Recognition in Younger and Older Adults: Similarities and Differences between Modalities and the Effects of Presentation Rate
Quelle	In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50 (2007) 2, S.283-303 (21 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1092-4388
DOI	10.1044/1092-4388(2007/021)
Schlagwörter	Regression (Statistics); Older Adults; Auditory Stimuli; Auditory Tests; Young Adults; Factor Analysis; Auditory Perception; Age Differences; Visual Perception; Visual Stimuli; Hearing Impairments; Correlation; Time; Speech Communication + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Regression; Regressionsanalyse; Älterer Erwachsener; Auditive Stimulation; Auditory test; Autismus; Young adult; Junger Erwachsener; Faktorenanalyse; Auditive Wahrnehmung; Akustische Wahrnehmung; Akustik; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Visuelle Wahrnehmung; Hearing impairment; Hörbehinderung; Korrelation; Zeit
Abstract	Purpose: To examine age-related differences in auditory speech recognition and visual text recognition performance for parallel sets of stimulus materials in the auditory and visual modalities. In addition, the effects of variation in rate of presentation of stimuli in each modality were investigated in each age group. Method: A mixed-model design was used in which 3 independent groups (13 young adults with normal hearing, 10 elderly adults with normal hearing, and 16 elderly hearing-impaired adults) listened to auditory speech tests (a sentence-in-noise task, time-compressed monosyllables, and a speeded-spelling task) and viewed visual textbased analogs of the auditory tests. All auditory speech materials were presented so that the amplitude of the speech signal was at least 15 dB above threshold through 4000 Hz. Results: Analyses of the group data revealed that when baseline levels of performance were used as covariates in the group analyses the only significant group difference was that both elderly groups performed worse than the young group on the auditory speeded-speech tasks. Analysis of individual data, using correlations, factor analysis, and linear regression, was generally consistent with the group data and revealed significant, moderate correlations of performance for similar tasks across modalities, but stronger correlations across tasks within a modality. This suggests that performance on these tasks was mediated both by a common underlying factor, such as cognitive processing, as well as modality-specific processing. Conclusion: Performance on measures of auditory processing of speech examined here was closely associated with performance on parallel measures of the visual processing of text obtained from the same participants. Young and older adults demonstrated comparable abilities in the use of contextual information in each modality, but older adults, regardless of hearing status, had more difficulty with fast presentation of auditory speech stimuli than young adults. There were no differences among the 3 groups with regard to the effects of presentation rate for the visual recognition of text, at least for the rates of presentation used here. (Author).
Anmerkungen	American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). 10801 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852. Tel: 800-638-8255; Fax: 301-571-0457; e-mail: subscribe@asha.org; Web site: http://www.asha.org/about/publications/journal-abstracts/jslhr/
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10