Bilingualism and Executive Attention: Evidence from Studies of Proactive and Reactive Control

Autor/inn/en	Spinelli, Giacomo; Goldsmith, Samantha F.; Lupker, Stephen J.; Morton, J. Bruce
Titel	Bilingualism and Executive Attention: Evidence from Studies of Proactive and Reactive Control
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 48 (2022) 6, S.906-927 (22 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Spinelli, Giacomo) ORCID (Goldsmith, Samantha F.) ORCID (Morton, J. Bruce)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0278-7393
DOI	10.1037/xlm0001095
Schlagwörter	Bilingualism; Executive Function; Attention Control; Interference (Language); Inhibition; Measurement Techniques; Short Term Memory; Interference (Learning); Individual Differences; Correlation; Comparative Analysis; Native Language; Second Language Learning; Language Processing; Task Analysis; Undergraduate Students; Student Characteristics; Family Income; Language Proficiency; Foreign Countries; Color; Visual Stimuli; Reaction Time; Error Patterns; Accuracy; Scores; Cognitive Ability; English (Second Language); Canada; Stroop Color Word Test + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Bilingualismus; Aufmerksamkeitstest; Hemmung; Messtechnik; Kurzzeitgedächtnis; Individueller Unterschied; Korrelation; Zweitsprachenerwerb; Sprachverarbeitung; Aufgabenanalyse; Familieneinkommen; Language skill; Language skills; Sprachkompetenz; Ausland; Colour; Farbbezeichnung; Farbe; Reaktionsvermögen; Fehlertyp; Denkfähigkeit; English as second language; English; Second Language; Englisch als Zweitsprache; Kanada
Abstract	According to some accounts, the bilingual advantage is most pronounced in the domain of executive attention rather than inhibition and should therefore be more easily detected in conflict adaptation paradigms than in simple interference paradigms. We tested this idea using two conflict adaptation paradigms, one that elicits a list-wide proportion-congruent effect and one that elicits an item-specific proportion-congruent effect. In both cases, the relevant finding is that congruency effects are reduced when the proportion of congruent to incongruent items is smaller. These effects are validated measures of proactive and reactive control, respectively, and are aspects of executive attention known to be associated with individual differences in working memory capacity. We reasoned that if bilingualism affects executive attention in a similar way as does working memory capacity, indices of proactive and reactive control should be comparably associated with continuous variation in language status and working memory capacity. In two experiments, we replicated previous findings that working memory capacity is associated with variation in congruency effects (suggesting greater reliance on proactive control). In contrast, language status had no consistent association with performance, save for a hint that bilingualism may be associated with greater reliance on reactive control. Thus, the bilingual advantage may exist, but not in proactive control or any other aspects of executive attention that have been proposed thus far. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01