How Do Expectations Change Behavior? Investigating the Contributions at Encoding versus Decision-Making

Autor/inn/en	Jabar, Syaheed B.; Fougnie, Daryl
Titel	How Do Expectations Change Behavior? Investigating the Contributions at Encoding versus Decision-Making
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 48 (2022) 2, S.226-241 (16 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Jabar, Syaheed B.) ORCID (Fougnie, Daryl)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0278-7393
DOI	10.1037/xlm0001055
Schlagwörter	Expectation; Behavior Change; Visual Perception; Decision Making; Short Term Memory; Cognitive Processes; Bayesian Statistics; Bias; Accuracy + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Expectancy; Erwartung; Visuelle Wahrnehmung; Decision-making; Entscheidungsfindung; Kurzzeitgedächtnis; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess
Abstract	Expectations about the environment play a large role in shaping behavior, but how does this occur? Do expectations change the way we perceive the world, or just our decisions based on unbiased perceptions? We investigated the relative contributions of priors to these 2 stages by manipulating "when" information about expected color was provided. We compared cases where the prior could affect encoding into perceptual/working memory representations (e.g., when provided prestimulus) against cases where it could not (e.g., when given at response after a delay). Although priors had a minor influence on encoding, the bulk of the effects were at decision-making. Furthermore, these effects appeared to be distinct. The effect on decision-making was Bayesian-like, with priors inducing bias while improving precision. In contrast, the same priors at encoding improved precision without causing changes in bias. Priors do not just affect encoding or decision-making, but appear to affect both, via distinct mechanisms. (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01