Cross-Cultural Differences in Visuo-Spatial Processing and the Culture-Fairness of Visuo-Spatial Intelligence Tests: An Integrative Review and a Model for Matrices Tasks

Autor/in	Gonthier, Corentin
Titel	Cross-Cultural Differences in Visuo-Spatial Processing and the Culture-Fairness of Visuo-Spatial Intelligence Tests: An Integrative Review and a Model for Matrices Tasks
Quelle	In: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 7 (2022), Artikel 11 (27 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Gonthier, Corentin)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	2365-7464
DOI	10.1186/s41235-021-00350-w
Schlagwörter	Cultural Differences; Visual Perception; Spatial Ability; Culture Fair Tests; Intelligence Tests; Nonverbal Tests; Raven Progressive Matrices + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Kultureller Unterschied; Visuelle Wahrnehmung; Räumliches Vorstellungsvermögen; Intelligence test; Intelligenztest
Abstract	Visuo-spatial reasoning tests, such as Raven's matrices, Cattell's culture-fair test, or various subtests of the Wechsler scales, are frequently used to estimate intelligence scores in the context of inter-racial comparisons. This has led to several high-profile works claiming that certain ethnic groups have lower intelligence than others, presumably due to genetic inferiority. This logic is predicated on the assumption that such visuo-spatial tests, because they are non-verbal, must be culture-fair: that their solution process does not significantly draw on factors that vary from one culture to the next. This assumption of culture-fairness is dubious at best and has been questioned by many authors. In this article, I review the substantial body of psychological and ethnographic literature which has demonstrated that the perception, manipulation and conceptualization of visuo-spatial information differs significantly across cultures, in a way that is relevant to intelligence tests. I then outline a model of how these inter-cultural differences can affect seven major steps of the solution process for Raven's matrices, with a brief discussion of other visuo-spatial reasoning tests. Overall, a number of cultural assumptions appear to be deeply ingrained in all visuo-spatial reasoning tests, to the extent that it disqualifies the view of such tests as intrinsically culture-fair and makes it impossible to draw clear-cut conclusions from average score differences between ethnic groups. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01