Systemic Racism: Individuals and Interactions, Institutions and Society

Autor/inn/en	Banaji, Mahzarin R.; Fiske, Susan T.; Massey, Douglas S.
Titel	Systemic Racism: Individuals and Interactions, Institutions and Society
Quelle	In: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 6 (2021), Artikel 82 (21 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Fiske, Susan T.)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	2365-7464
DOI	10.1186/s41235-021-00349-3
Schlagwörter	Racial Bias; African Americans; African American History; United States History; Social Justice; Racial Relations; Stereotypes; Diversity; Resistance (Psychology); Advantaged; Disadvantaged; Cognitive Science + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Racial discrimination; Rassismus; Afroamerikaner; Soziale Gerechtigkeit; Klischee; Resistenz; Kognitionswissenschaft
Abstract	Systemic racism is a scientifically tractable phenomenon, urgent for cognitive scientists to address. This tutorial reviews the built-in systems that undermine life opportunities and outcomes by racial category, with a focus on challenges to Black Americans. From American colonial history, explicit practices and policies reinforced disadvantage across all domains of life, beginning with slavery, and continuing with vastly subordinated status. Racially segregated housing creates racial isolation, with disproportionate costs to Black Americans' opportunities, networks, education, wealth, health, and legal treatment. These institutional and societal systems build-in individual bias and racialized interactions, resulting in systemic racism. Unconscious inferences, empirically established from perceptions onward, demonstrate non-Black Americans' inbuilt associations: pairing Black Americans with negative valences, criminal stereotypes, and low status, including "animal" rather than "human." Implicit racial biases (improving only slightly over time) imbed within non-Black individuals' systems of racialized beliefs, judgments, and affect that predict racialized behavior. Interracial interactions likewise convey disrespect and distrust. These systematic individual and interpersonal patterns continue partly due to non-Black people's inexperience with Black Americans and reliance on societal caricatures. Despite systemic challenges, Black Americans are more diverse now than ever, due to resilience (many succeeding against the odds), immigration (producing varied backgrounds), and intermarriage (increasing the multiracial proportion of the population). Intergroup contact can foreground Black diversity, resisting systemic racism, but White advantages persist in all economic, political, and social domains. Cognitive science has an opportunity: to include in its study of the mind the distortions of reality about individual humans and their social groups. (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01