Acquisition and Use of 'Priors' in Autism: Typical in Deciding Where to Look, Atypical in Deciding What Is There

Autor/inn/en	Allenmark, Fredrik; Shi, Zhuanghua; Pistorius, Rasmus L.; Theisinger, Laura A.; Koutsouleris, Nikolaos; Falkai, Peter; Müller, Hermann J.; Falter-Wagner, Christine M.
Titel	Acquisition and Use of 'Priors' in Autism: Typical in Deciding Where to Look, Atypical in Deciding What Is There
Quelle	In: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51 (2021) 10, S.3744-3758 (15 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Allenmark, Fredrik)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0162-3257
DOI	10.1007/s10803-020-04828-2
Schlagwörter	Autism; Pervasive Developmental Disorders; Prior Learning; Decision Making; Attention; Interference (Learning); Visual Perception + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Autismus; Vorkenntnisse; Decision-making; Entscheidungsfindung; Aufmerksamkeit; Visuelle Wahrnehmung
Abstract	Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are thought to under-rely on prior knowledge in perceptual decision-making. This study examined whether this applies to decisions of attention allocation, of relevance for 'predictive-coding' accounts of ASD. In a visual search task, a salient but task-irrelevant distractor appeared with higher probability in one display half. Individuals with ASD learned to avoid 'attentional capture' by distractors in the probable region as effectively as control participants--indicating typical priors for deploying attention. However, capture by a 'surprising' distractor at an unlikely location led to greatly slowed identification of a subsequent target at that location--indicating that individuals with ASD attempt to control surprise (unexpected attentional capture) by over-regulating parameters in post-selective decision-making. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01