The Gap between IQ and Adaptive Functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Disentangling Diagnostic and Sex Differences

Autor/inn/en	McQuaid, Goldie A.; Pelphrey, Kevin A.; Bookheimer, Susan Y.; Dapretto, Mirella; Webb, Sara J.; Bernier, Raphael A.; McPartland, James C.; Van Horn, John D.; Wallace, Gregory L.
Titel	The Gap between IQ and Adaptive Functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Disentangling Diagnostic and Sex Differences
Quelle	In: Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 25 (2021) 6, S.1565-1579 (15 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (McQuaid, Goldie A.) ORCID (Wallace, Gregory L.)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1362-3613
DOI	10.1177/1362361321995620
Schlagwörter	Autism; Pervasive Developmental Disorders; Intelligence Quotient; Gender Differences; Symptoms (Individual Disorders); Age Differences; Socialization; Adjustment (to Environment); Children; Adolescents; Daily Living Skills; Behavior Problems; Communication Skills; Massachusetts (Boston); Connecticut (New Haven); Washington; California (Los Angeles); Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales; Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; Social Responsiveness Scale + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Autismus; Intelligenzquotient; Geschlechterkonflikt; Psychiatrische Symptomatik; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Socialisation; Sozialisation; Child; Kind; Kinder; Adolescent; Adolescence; Adoleszenz; Jugend; Jugendalter; Jugendlicher; Alltagsfertigkeit; Kommunikationsstil
Abstract	Adaptive functioning, or the suite of skills essential for real-world, day-to-day functioning, includes daily living, communication, and socialization abilities. Even in the absence of co-occurring intellectual disability (IQ < 70), difficulties in adaptive functioning are prominent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Further, ASD individuals without co-occurring intellectual disability (ID) demonstrate a gap between IQ and adaptive functioning, which widens with age. Existing studies of IQ-adaptive functioning discrepancies have characterized predominantly male ASD samples; thus, whether the gap is demonstrated in ASD females is unknown. To probe sex- versus diagnosis-specific differences in adaptive functioning in ASD, we characterized adaptive functioning using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition in 177 non-ID (IQ > 70) ASD (females = 75, males = 102), and 178 typically developing (TD) (females = 87, males = 91) youth, aged 8-17 years. We examined whether each group evidenced a gap between full-scale IQ and adaptive skills and its associations with age. ASD youth evinced significantly lower adaptive skills and a significantly greater IQ-adaptive functioning gap than their same-sex TD peers. In this cross-sectional sample, the increase in the IQ-adaptive functioning gap with age was of similar magnitude for ASD males and females, but only reached statistical significance in males. We discuss unique implications the profound IQ-socialization skills gap in particular may have for ASD females. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01