Do Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) Have Difficulties with Interference Control, Visuospatial Working Memory, and Selective Attention? Developmental Patterns and the Role of Severity and Persistence of DLD

Autor/inn/en	Blom, Elma; Boerma, Tessel
Titel	Do Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) Have Difficulties with Interference Control, Visuospatial Working Memory, and Selective Attention? Developmental Patterns and the Role of Severity and Persistence of DLD
Quelle	In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 63 (2020) 9, S.3036-3050 (15 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Blom, Elma) ORCID (Boerma, Tessel)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1092-4388
Schlagwörter	Young Children; Developmental Disabilities; Language Impairments; Interference (Learning); Attention Control; Spatial Ability; Short Term Memory; Severity (of Disability); Clinical Diagnosis; Longitudinal Studies; Executive Function; Age Differences; Nonverbal Ability; Correlation; Foreign Countries; Language Tests; Intelligence Tests; Netherlands; Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Frühe Kindheit; Entwicklungsstörung; Speech disorder; Speech disorders; Speech disabilities; Speech disability; Speech handicap; Speech handicaps; Speech impairment; Speech impairments; Language handicaps; Sprachbehinderung; Aufmerksamkeitstest; Räumliches Vorstellungsvermögen; Kurzzeitgedächtnis; Schweregrad; Longitudinal study; Longitudinal method; Longitudinal methods; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Korrelation; Ausland; Language test; Sprachtest; Intelligence test; Intelligenztest; Niederlande
Abstract	Purpose: Many children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have weaknesses in executive functioning (EF), specifically in tasks testing interference control and working memory. It is unknown how EF develops in children with DLD, if EF abilities are related to DLD severity and persistence, and if EF weaknesses expand to selective attention. This study aimed to address these gaps. Method: Data from 78 children with DLD and 39 typically developing (TD) children were collected at three times with 1-year intervals. At Time 1, the children were 5 or 6 years old. Flanker, Dot Matrix, and Sky Search tasks tested interference control, visuospatial working memory, and selective attention, respectively. DLD severity was based on children's language ability. DLD persistence was based on stability of the DLD diagnosis. Results: Performance on all tasks improved in both groups. TD children outperformed children with DLD on interference control. No differences were found for visuospatial working memory and selective attention. An interference control gap between the DLD and TD groups emerged between Time 1 and Time 2. Severity and persistence of DLD were related to interference control and working memory; the impact on working memory was stronger. Selective attention was unrelated to DLD severity and persistence. Conclusions: Age and DLD severity and persistence determine whether or not children with DLD show EF weaknesses. Interference control is most clearly impaired in children with DLD who are 6 years and older. Visuospatial working memory is impaired in children with severe and persistent DLD. Selective attention is spared. (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 2200 Research Blvd #250, Rockville, MD 20850. Tel: 301-296-5700; Fax: 301-296-8580; e-mail: slhr@asha.org; Web site: http://jslhr.pubs.asha.org
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01