Instructional Design in Open Distance Learning: Present Scenario in Pakistan

Autor/inn/en	Ajmal, Muhammad; Arshad, Mahek; Hussain, Javaria
Titel	Instructional Design in Open Distance Learning: Present Scenario in Pakistan
Quelle	In: Pakistan Journal of Distance and Online Learning, 5 (2019) 2, S.139-156 (18 Seiten) PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	2415-2013
Schlagwörter	Instructional Design; Distance Education; Foreign Countries; Open Universities; Delivery Systems; Academic Support Services; Educational Resources; Barriers; Curriculum Development; College Admission; Student Evaluation; College Students; Electronic Learning; Pakistan + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Lesson concept; Lessonplan; Unterrichtsentwurf; Distance study; Distance learning; Fernunterricht; Ausland; Offene Universität; Auslieferung; Bildungsmittel; Curriculum; Development; Curriculumentwicklung; Lehrplan; Entwicklung; Hochschulzugang; Hochschulzulassung; Zulassung; Schulnote; Studentische Bewertung; Collegestudent
Abstract	Higher Education Commission, Pakistan established fourteen Distance Learning Directorates in formal universities to cater the need of education for external students through open distance learning. Open Distance Learning needs a compact instructional design mechanism which deals with Analysis, Design, Delivery, Improvement and Evaluation being practiced in these Open Distance Learning Directorates. The study aimed to determine the present scenario in Pakistan regarding instructional design practiced in open distance learning. Objectives of the study were to investigate the instructional design mechanism being practiced by open distance learning directorates established in formal institutes in Pakistan, to identify the problems faced by directorates of open distance learning and to propose indigenous students' supportive instructional design mechanism for open distance learning in Pakistan. The study was descriptive in nature and survey was conducted by a self-developed questionnaire. Sample of 200 management persons, 336 teachers and 1184 students were taken randomly by these directorates for the study. The study found that every directorate is running program on ODL using different strategies and no harmonious instructional design mechanism was in practice. Insufficient resources of ICT, faculty, learning material, student support services and examination system was found. Criteria set by Higher Education Commission need improvement. There is a need of unified harmonious National Policy for running Open Distance Learning in Pakistan. (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	Pakistan Journal of Distance and Online Learning. Faculty of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44310, Pakistan. e-mail: editor.pjdol@aiou.edu.pk; Web site: https://pjdol.aiou.edu.pk/
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01