Gender Awareness in Medicine: Adaptation and Validation of the "Nijmegen" Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale to the Portuguese Population (N-GAMS)

Autor/inn/en	Morais, Rita; Bernardes, Sónia F.; Verdonk, Petra
Titel	Gender Awareness in Medicine: Adaptation and Validation of the "Nijmegen" Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale to the Portuguese Population (N-GAMS)
Quelle	In: Advances in Health Sciences Education, 25 (2020) 2, S.457-477 (21 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Morais, Rita) ORCID (Bernardes, Sónia F.) ORCID (Verdonk, Petra)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1382-4996
DOI	10.1007/s10459-019-09936-y
Schlagwörter	Health Personnel; Gender Differences; Factor Structure; Measures (Individuals); Empathy; Gender Bias; Factor Analysis; Medical Students; Goodness of Fit; Sex Role; Correlation; Evaluation Criteria + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Medizinisches Personal; Geschlechterkonflikt; Faktorenstruktur; Messdaten; Empathie; Geschlechterstereotyp; Faktorenanalyse; Geschlechterrolle; Korrelation
Abstract	Health care professionals' gender awareness has been presented as a mechanism to minimize gender biases in health. The present paper aimed to adapt and validate the Nijmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale (N-GAMS, Verdonk et al. in Sex Roles 58:222-234, 2008. 10.1007/s11199-007-9326-x) to the Portuguese population, also addressing some limitations of its original study, namely by: (1) testing the scale's three-fold underlying structure and (2) extending the study of its criteria-related validity, by analyzing sex-related differences in medical students' gender awareness and the associations between gender awareness and empathy and sexism. One thousand and forty-eight medical students (M[subscript age] = 22.90; 67.1% women) filled out the Portuguese version of the N-GAMS (N-GAMS.pt) along with measures of Physician Empathy and Sexism. A Parallel Analysis and an Exploratory Factor Analysis suggested the presence of three factors. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a good fit of the hypothesized three-factor structure: (1) "gender sensitivity" (n = 6 items; [alpha] = 0.713), (2) "gender-role ideologies towards patients" (n = 7 items; [alpha] = 0.858) and (3) "gender-role ideologies towards doctors (n = 5 items; [alpha] = 0.837), with a positive association between the latter two (r = 0.570; p < 0.001). The N-GAMS.pt also showed good criteria-related validity. Namely, as hypothesized: (1) more empathic students reported more gender sensitivity and lower endorsement of gender-role ideologies; (2) higher hostile and benevolent sexism were associated to higher endorsement of gender-role ideologies; and (3) higher hostile sexism was associated to lower "gender sensitivity." Implications of the N-GAMS for research and interventional purposes are discussed. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01