Bias to (and Away from) the Extreme: Comparing Two Models of Categorical Perception Effects

Autor/inn/en	Best, Ryan M.; Goldstone, Robert L.
Titel	Bias to (and Away from) the Extreme: Comparing Two Models of Categorical Perception Effects
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 45 (2019) 7, S.1166-1176 (11 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Best, Ryan M.)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0278-7393
DOI	10.1037/xlm0000609
Schlagwörter	Bias; Comparative Analysis; Models; College Students; Probability; Visual Perception; Human Body; Accuracy; Stimuli; Classification; Visual Discrimination; Simulation; Experiments; Indiana + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Analogiemodell; Collegestudent; Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung; Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie; Visuelle Wahrnehmung; Menschlicher Körper; Anreizsystem; Classification system; Klassifikation; Klassifikationssystem; Simulation program; Simulationsprogramm; Erprobung
Abstract	Categorical perception (CP) effects manifest as faster or more accurate discrimination between objects that come from different categories compared with objects that come from the same category, controlling for the physical differences between the objects. The most popular explanations of CP effects have relied on perceptual warping causing stimuli near a category boundary to appear more similar to stimuli within their own category and/or less similar to stimuli from other categories. Hanley and Roberson (2011), on the basis of a pattern not previously noticed in CP experiments, proposed an explanation of CP effects that relies not on perceptual warping, but instead on inconsistent usage of category labels. Experiments 1 and 2 in this article show a pattern opposite the one Hanley and Roberson pointed out. Experiment 3, using the same stimuli but with different choice statistics (i.e., different probabilities of each face being the target), obtains the same pattern as the one Hanley and Roberson showed. Simulations show that both category label and perceptual models are able to reproduce the patterns of results from both experiments, provided they include information about the choice statistics. This suggests 2 conclusions. First, the results described by Hanley and Roberson should not be taken as evidence in favor of a category label model. Second, given that participants did not receive feedback on their choices, there must be some mechanism by which participants monitor their own choices and adapt to the choice statistics present in the experiment. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01