The Impact of Malnutrition on Intelligence at 3 and 11 Years of Age: The Mediating Role of Temperament

Autor/inn/en	Venables, Peter H.; Raine, Adrian
Titel	The Impact of Malnutrition on Intelligence at 3 and 11 Years of Age: The Mediating Role of Temperament
Quelle	In: Developmental Psychology, 52 (2016) 2, S.205-220 (16 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0012-1649
DOI	10.1037/dev0000046
Schlagwörter	Personality Traits; Correlation; Diseases; Child Behavior; Toddlers; Verbal Ability; Children; Foreign Countries; Brain Hemisphere Functions; Neurosciences; Role; Environmental Influences; Factor Structure; Socioeconomic Background; Regression (Statistics); Intelligence Quotient; Intelligence Tests; Factor Analysis; Mauritius; Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Individual characteristics; Personality characteristic; Persönlichkeitsmerkmal; Korrelation; Disease; Krankheit; Infant; Infants; Toddler; Kleinkind; Mündliche Leistung; Child; Kind; Kinder; Ausland; Neuroscience; Neurowissenschaften; Neurowissenschaft; Rollen; Environmental influence; Umwelteinfluss; Faktorenstruktur; Sozioökonomische Lage; Regression; Regressionsanalyse; Intelligenzquotient; Intelligence test; Intelligenztest; Faktorenanalyse
Abstract	Previous work has shown that malnutrition has deleterious effects on both IQ and aspects of temperament. It is hypothesized that while malnutrition bears a direct relation to IQ, aspects of temperament are also involved in a mediating role so that they produce indirect associations between malnutrition and IQ. The study examines the association of 3 indices of malnutrition--stunting, anemia and wasting--to Verbal IQ (VIQ) and Performance IQ (PIQ) and temperament in 1,376 3-year-old and 11-year-old children in Mauritius. Two dimensions of temperament were extracted from ratings of behavior and were labeled as Uninhibited (UI) and Task Orientation (TO). At age 3 stunting had direct relations to Verbal IQ and Performance IQ and also indirect relations via the mediating effect of temperament (UI but not TO). In the case of anemia there were no direct relations to VIQ or PIQ but both temperament mediators were involved in indirect relations. For wasting, indirect but not direct relations were observed. When age 11 cognitive performance was examined, there were direct relations to stunting and anemia and indirect relations via UI, but not TO. The relations between malnutrition and IQ were graded and linear showing that it is not only when malnutrition is defined by its severest levels that it has an effect on cognitive performance. It is suggested that malnutrition affects those brain structures and functions that are involved in both cognitive behavior and temperament. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01