Testing the Vulnerability and Scar Models of Self-Esteem and Depressive Symptoms from Adolescence to Middle Adulthood and across Generations

Autor/inn/en	Steiger, Andrea E.; Fend, Helmut A.; Allemand, Mathias
Titel	Testing the Vulnerability and Scar Models of Self-Esteem and Depressive Symptoms from Adolescence to Middle Adulthood and across Generations
Quelle	In: Developmental Psychology, 51 (2015) 2, S.236-247 (12 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0012-1649
DOI	10.1037/a0038478
Schlagwörter	Self Esteem; At Risk Students; Predictor Variables; Depression (Psychology); Symptoms (Individual Disorders); Models; Adolescents; Adults; Generational Differences; Parents; Parent Influence; Parent Child Relationship; Longitudinal Studies; Regression (Statistics); Foreign Countries; At Risk Persons; Questionnaires; Surveys; Germany; Beck Depression Inventory + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Self-esteem; Selbstaufmerksamkeit; Prädiktor; Psychiatrische Symptomatik; Analogiemodell; Adolescent; Adolescence; Adoleszenz; Jugend; Jugendalter; Jugendlicher; Eltern; Parents-child relationship; Parent-child-relation; Parent-child relationship; Eltern-Kind-Beziehung; Longitudinal study; Longitudinal method; Longitudinal methods; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Regression; Regressionsanalyse; Ausland; Risikogruppe; Fragebogen; Survey; Umfrage; Befragung; Deutschland
Abstract	The vulnerability model states that low self-esteem functions as a predictor for the development of depressive symptoms whereas the scar model assumes that these symptoms leave scars in individuals resulting in lower self-esteem. Both models have received empirical support, however, they have only been tested within individuals and not across generations (i.e., between family members). Thus, we tested the scope of these competing models by (a) investigating whether the effects hold from adolescence to middle adulthood (long-term vulnerability and scar effects), (b) whether the effects hold across generations (intergenerational vulnerability and scar effects), and (c) whether intergenerational effects are mediated by parental self-esteem and depressive symptoms and parent-child discord. We used longitudinal data from adolescence to middle adulthood (N = 1,359) and from Generation 1 adolescents (G1) to Generation 2 adolescents (G2) (N = 572 parent-child pairs). Results from latent cross-lagged regression analyses demonstrated that both adolescent self-esteem and depressive symptoms were prospectively related to adult self-esteem and depressive symptoms 3 decades later. That is, both the vulnerability and scar models are valid over decades with stronger effects for the vulnerability model. Across generations, we found a substantial direct transmission effect from G1 to G2 "adolescent" depressive symptoms but no evidence for the proposed intergenerational vulnerability and scar effect or for any of the proposed mediating mechanisms. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01