An Overview of American Higher Education

Autor/inn/en	Baum, Sandy; Kurose, Charles; McPherson, Michael
Titel	An Overview of American Higher Education
Quelle	In: Future of Children, 23 (2013) 1, S.17-39 (23 Seiten) PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1054-8289
Schlagwörter	Higher Education; Postsecondary Education; Educational Finance; Institutional Characteristics; Student Characteristics; Educational Development; Educational History; Educational Trends; Educational Change; Trend Analysis; Access to Education; Success; Academic Persistence; Time to Degree; Graduation Rate; Credentials; Educational Attainment; Educational Benefits; Paying for College; Tuition; Productivity; Cost Effectiveness; Educational Innovation; Community Colleges; Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Hochschulbildung; Hochschulsystem; Hochschulwesen; Post-secondary education; Tertiäre Bildung; Bildungsfonds; Bildungsentwicklung; History of education; Bildungsgeschichte; Bildungsreform; Trendanalyse; Education; Access; Bildung; Zugang; Bildungszugang; Erfolg; Studienbuch; Bildungsabschluss; Bildungsgut; Bildungsertrag; Studienfinanzierung; Unterweisung; Unterricht; Produktivität; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse; Kosten-Nutzen-Denken; Instructional innovation; Bildungsinnovation; Community college; Community College
Abstract	This overview of postsecondary education in the United States reviews the dramatic changes over the past fifty years in the students who go to college, the institutions that produce higher education, and the ways it is financed. The article, by Sandy Baum, Charles Kurose, and Michael McPherson, creates the context for the articles that follow on timely issues facing the higher education community and policy makers. The authors begin by observing that even the meaning of college has changed. The term that once referred primarily to a four-year period of academic study now applies to virtually any postsecondary study--academic or occupational, public or private, two-year or four-year--that can result in a certificate or degree. They survey the factors underlying the expansion of postsecondary school enrollments; the substantial increases in female, minority, disadvantaged, and older students; the development of public community colleges; and the rise of for-profit colleges.They discuss the changing ways in which federal and state governments help students and schools defray the costs of higher education as well as more recent budget tensions that are now reducing state support to public colleges. And they review the forces that have contributed to the costs of producing higher education and thus rising tuitions. The authors also cite evidence on broad measures of college persistence and outcomes, including low completion rates at community and for-profit colleges, the increasing need for remedial education for poorly prepared high school students, and a growing gap between the earnings of those with a bachelor's degree and those with less education. They disagree with critics who say that investments in higher education, particularly for students at the margin, no longer pay off. A sustained investment in effective education at all levels is vital to the nation's future, they argue. But they caution that the American public no longer seems willing to pay more for more students to get more education. They therefore urge the higher education community to make every effort to find innovations, including creative uses of information technology, that can hold down costs while producing quality education. (Contains 3 figures, 1 table, and 61 endnotes.) (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University and The Brookings Institution. 267 Wallace Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544. Tel: 609-258-6979; e-mail: FOC@princeton.edu; Web site: http://futureofchildren.org/futureofchildren/publications/journals
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10