Converging Evidence for Control of Color-Word Stroop Interference at the Item Level

Autor/inn/en	Bugg, Julie M.; Hutchison, Keith A.
Titel	Converging Evidence for Control of Color-Word Stroop Interference at the Item Level
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 39 (2013) 2, S.433-449 (17 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0096-1523
DOI	10.1037/a0029145
Schlagwörter	Color; Naming; Word Recognition; Association (Psychology); Interference (Learning); Congruence (Psychology); Perception Tests; Evidence; Reading Difficulties; Stimuli + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Colour; Farbbezeichnung; Farbe; Worterkennung; Assoziation; Congruence; Psychology; Kongruenz; Psychologie; Evidenz; Reading difficulty; Leseschwierigkeit; Anreizsystem
Abstract	Prior studies have shown that cognitive control is implemented at the list and context levels in the color-word Stroop task. At first blush, the finding that Stroop interference is reduced for mostly incongruent items as compared with mostly congruent items (i.e., the item-specific proportion congruence [ISPC] effect) appears to provide evidence for yet a third level of control, which modulates word reading at the item level. However, evidence to date favors the view that ISPC effects reflect the rapid prediction of high-contingency responses and not item-specific control. In Experiment 1, we first show that an ISPC effect is obtained when the relevant dimension (i.e., color) signals proportion congruency, a problematic pattern for theories based on differential response contingencies. In Experiment 2, we replicate and extend this pattern by showing that item-specific control settings transfer to new stimuli, ruling out alternative frequency-based accounts. In Experiment 3, we revert to the traditional design in which the irrelevant dimension (i.e., word) signals proportion congruency. Evidence for item-specific control, including transfer of the ISPC effect to new stimuli, is apparent when 4-item sets are employed but not when 2-item sets are employed. We attribute this pattern to the absence of high-contingency responses on incongruent trials in the 4-item set. These novel findings provide converging evidence for reactive "control" of color-word Stroop interference at the item level, reveal theoretically important factors that modulate reliance on item-specific control versus contingency learning, and suggest an update to the item-specific control account (Bugg, Jacoby, & Chanani, 2011). (Contains 8 tables, 2 figures and 2 footnotes.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10