Fixation-Dependent Memory for Natural Scenes: An Experimental Test of Scanpath Theory

Autor/inn/en	Foulsham, Tom; Kingstone, Alan
Titel	Fixation-Dependent Memory for Natural Scenes: An Experimental Test of Scanpath Theory
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142 (2013) 1, S.41-56 (16 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0096-3445
DOI	10.1037/a0028227
Schlagwörter	Memory; Theories; Eye Movements; Recognition (Psychology); Attention; Visual Perception; Visual Aids; Cognitive Processes; College Students; Foreign Countries; Canada; United Kingdom (England) + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Gedächtnis; Theory; Theorie; Augenbewegung; Recognition; Wiedererkennen; Aufmerksamkeit; Visuelle Wahrnehmung; Anschauungsmaterial; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess; Collegestudent; Ausland; Kanada
Abstract	Many modern theories propose that perceptual information is represented by the sensorimotor activity elicited by the original stimulus. Scanpath theory (Noton & Stark, 1971) predicts that reinstating a sequence of eye fixations will help an observer recognize a previously seen image. However, the only studies to investigate this are correlational ones based on calculating scanpath similarity. We therefore describe a series of 5 experiments that constrain the fixations during encoding or recognition of images in order to manipulate scanpath similarity. Participants encoded a set of images and later had to recognize those that they had seen. They spontaneously selected regions that they had fixated during encoding (Experiment 1), and this was a predictor of recognition accuracy. Yoking the parts of the image available at recognition to the encoded scanpath led to better memory performance than randomly selected image regions (Experiment 2), and this could not be explained by the spatial distribution of locations (Experiment 3). However, there was no recognition advantage for re-viewing one's own fixations versus someone else's (Experiment 4) or for retaining their serial order (Experiment 5). Therefore, although it is beneficial to look at encoded regions, there is no evidence that scanpaths are stored or that scanpath recapitulation is functional in scene memory. This paradigm provides a controlled way of studying the integration of scene content, spatial structure, and oculomotor signals, with consequences for the perception, representation, and retrieval of visual information. (Contains 8 figures.) (As Provided).
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Update	2017/4/10