"Before the Storm, There Wasn't Much of a Thought. When Katrina Happened, That Changed Everything:" Social Network Geometry, Discourses of Threat, and English Usage among Latinxs in Post-Katrina New Orleans

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Autor/in	Lewis, Thomas D.
Titel	"Before the Storm, There Wasn't Much of a Thought. When Katrina Happened, That Changed Everything:" Social Network Geometry, Discourses of Threat, and English Usage among Latinxs in Post-Katrina New Orleans
Quelle	(2019), (430 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit Ph.D. Dissertation, Tulane University, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Monographie
ISBN	978-1-3922-6639-7
Schlagwörter	Hochschulschrift; Dissertation; Natural Disasters; Spanish; Language Variation; Vowels; Hispanic Americans; Social Networks; English (Second Language); Language Usage; Second Language Learning; Language Patterns; Language Research; Neighborhoods; Linguistic Borrowing; Comparative Analysis; Sociolinguistics; Oral Language; Anthropological Linguistics; Race; Language Attitudes; Disadvantaged; Urban Areas; Louisiana (New Orleans) + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Thesis; Dissertations; Academic thesis; Natural disaster; Naturkatastrophe; Spanisch; Sprachenvielfalt; Hispanic; Hispanoamerikaner; Social network; Soziales Netzwerk; English as second language; English; Second Language; Englisch als Zweitsprache; Sprachgebrauch; Zweitsprachenerwerb; Sprachmodell; Sprachstruktur; Sprachforschung; Neighbourhoods; Nachbarschaft; Lehnwort; Soziolinguistik; Oral interpretation; Mündlicher Sprachgebrauch; Rasse; Abstammung; Sprachverhalten; Urban area; Stadtregion
Abstract	This dissertation presents the results of a tripartite exploration of English use by Latinxs in post-Katrina New Orleans, defined here as an ethnolinguistic repertoire that I call New Orleans Latinx English (NOLAE). The project considers how contemporary English use differs from that found in a pre-Katrina sample, how social network geometry influences linguistic performance, and how the localized discursive articulation of the Latinx community shapes the sociolinguistic context. I find that while vowel realization patterns provide no evidence of large-scale deviation across the pre-and-post Katrina samples, there are four vowels which exhibit statistically significant divergence. In each of these cases, the post-Katrina sample is more variable. I also illustrate that the geometry of the local Latinx social network, defined in terms of neighborhood affiliations, has a statistically significant impact on the realization of linguistic variables. Finally, I demonstrate that Spanish and Spanish-influenced English are discursively constructed as marked linguistic performance, leading local Latinxs to aspire to 'standard' English performance in public spaces. Differential experiences of this pressure is posited to underlie much of the linguistic variation observed in NOLAE, both across the pre-and-post-Katrina samples and within the contemporary sample. Methodologically, this project is grounded in Zentella's (Zentella, 1995, 1997, 2003) call for an anthropolitical linguistics, which develops interdisciplinary methodologies in order to make explicit the links between linguistic performance and the political realities in which marginalized communities exist. I apply a tripartite methodology. First, I consider patterns of vowel realization across pre-and-post-Katrina samples by plotting normalized formant values for vowel realizations from a subset of two corpora: an archive of oral histories provided by Latinxs in the city in the 1980s and 1990s and my corpus of sociolinguistic interviews conducted in the city during 2017 and 2018. Vowel distributions were checked for similarity by applying a variation of the Bhattacharyya's distance metric (Bhattacharyya, 1946; Fieberg & Kochanny, 2005). Second, I modeled the local Latinx social network using a bipartite affiliation graph (Latapy, Magnien, & Del Vecchio, 2008) and treated metrics calculated off of a projection of this graph as additional independent variables in order to investigate which factors predicted linguistic variation in the contemporary sample in terms of prosodic timing and /ae/ realizations. Finally, I conducted a qualitative analysis of the contemporary sample in order to determine the role of Latinx Threat Narratives (Chavez, 2008) in shaping and constraining language use among local Latinxs. This project addresses a gap in the sociolinguistic literature, as no previous research into English use among Latinxs in New Orleans exists. In addition, researchers have noted a dearth of sociolinguistic exploration of English use in New Orleans. This project contributes to ongoing efforts, including a large scale study by Katie Carmichael and Nathalie Dajko, to document English use in the city. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, this project participates in an ongoing effort to explore how raciolinguistic ideologies (Flores & Rosa, 2015; Rosa, 2016; Rosa & Flores, 2017) position linguistic performance among marginalized communities as deficient, which necessitates a shift in focus from simply describing the linguistic performance of marginalized groups to understanding how the perceptions of the listening subject (Inoue, 2006) constrain the types of linguistic identity work available to racialized speakers. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.] (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01