Topic 1. Reducing fat mass and weight: strategies and potential risks for high-level athletes.

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Autor/Urheber	Boisseau, Nathalie
Titel	Topic 1. Reducing fat mass and weight: strategies and potential risks for high-level athletes.
Quelle	INSEP-Éditions (2019) PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	online; Sammelwerksbeitrag
Schlagwörter	sport; recherche; santé; nutrition; alimentation; Performance; méthode; haut niveau; équilibre; SPO066000; JHBS
Abstract	The strategies used by athletes to reduce body weight and control fat mass aim to favour performance while increasing the ratio between lean and fat mass.In high-level athletes, as daily energy expenditure is high, the best strategy when seeking to lose weight and reduce fat mass is to decrease the total energy intake. Some strategies aiming to limit appetite can also be suggested. From a practical point of view, various approaches are possible, including modulation of meal frequency, high-protein diets, increasing glycogen storage, high-intensity intermittent exercises, etc.Body weight changes must be progressive, implemented exclusively during training periods, and should not involve significant energy restriction or high-risk behaviour. On average, the weight-loss aimed for should be around 0.5 to 0.9 kg/week, but should never exceed 1.5 kg of body weight per week. Indeed, most of the time significant weight reduction reflects dehydration, nutritional deficiencies and sometimes proteolysis; all of which have negative effects on physiology, nutritional status and performance.Psychological pressures exerted by the athletes' entourage can induce significant behavioural disorders, including eating disorders. Educational programmes for coaches and athletes could help to limit some dangerous practices which are still observed (mainly in "aesthetic" sports or in weight-category sports).
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