The labour market in Ukraine: Rebuild better.

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Autor/inn/en	Anastasia, Giacomo; Boeri, Tito; Kudlyak, Marianna; Zholud, Oleksandr
Titel	The labour market in Ukraine: Rebuild better.
Quelle	Aus: Gorodnichenko, Y. (Hrsg.); Sologoub, I. (Hrsg.); Weder di Mauro, B. (Hrsg.): Rebuilding Ukraine: Principles and Policies. Paris Report 1. London (2022) S. 283-321 PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei Link als defekt meldenVerfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	online; Sammelwerksbeitrag
ISBN	978-1-912179-67-1
Schlagwörter	Arbeitsmarktpolitik; Bildungspolitik; Krieg; Reformpolitik; Ukraine; Berufsbildung; Bildungspolitik; Auswirkung; Beschäftigungsförderung; Krisenmanagement; Kriegswirtschaft; Benachteiligtenförderung; Pandemie; Krieg; Pandemie; Kriegswirtschaft; Reformpolitik; Beschäftigungseffekt; Nachhaltige Entwicklung; Berufsbildung; Arbeitsmarktentwicklung; Arbeitsmarktpolitik; Beschäftigungsförderung; Auswirkung; Krisenmanagement; Ukraine
Abstract	"The Ukrainian labour market not only needs to be rebuilt, it needs to be rebuilt better. The unprecedented challenges imposed by the reconstruction can only be faced by a better functioning labour market. Millions of workers will need to change jobs. The matching of vacancies and job seekers will, in many cases, involve repeated changes of residence due to the destruction of the housing stock and the mismatch between the regional profile of worker displacement and of firm relocation inherited from the war. Former refugees, internally displaced people and war veterans, often injured and carrying with them the mental scar of the war, will have to be reintegrated in the labour market. A significantly larger fraction of the working age population than before the war will have to be mobilised to avoid bottlenecks in the reconstruction of the country. Immigrants from other countries will also have to be integrated and involved in the reconstruction. In this chapter, we have offered an account of developments since the beginning of the full-scale war, drawing on all data sources that we were able to assemble. We have also reviewed the literature assessing the labour market experiences of other European countries having gone through military conflicts in the recent past. Based on these facts and findings, we propose a set of policies that could be implemented, possibly with the technical support of EU countries that have longstanding experience with these measures. These policies aim at addressing pre-existing structural problems as well as the new challenges imposed by the war. There is no one single priority: it is fundamental for Ukraine to invest in future human capital, to increase labour force participation, to help the most vulnerable people and to somehow involve in its reconstruction the human capital that has migrated abroad. These policies will require large budgetary outlays, especially for a country coming out of a war. Who should pay for these policies is a matter that European policymakers will have to address. One option is to reorient the windfall gains of countries like Norway and the Netherlands after the surge of oil and gas prices towards the reconstruction of Ukraine. Concerning labour market policies specifically, a couple of remarks are in order. A crucial distinction among the policies proposed is that between structural and one-off interventions. On the one hand, we have proposed measures relating to the architecture of the future Ukrainian labour market institutions and welfare state, concerning for example partial unemployment insurance, employment conditional incentives and active labour market policies. These policies should be designed to be permanent, and thus financed over the long run by Ukrainian taxpayers in a sustainable way. On the other hand, some measures proposed in this chapter will have to cover the period shortly after the end of the war and are intended to tackle the immediate issues arising in the labour market. Among these are public work programmes and the creation of an infrastructure allowing for a significant scaling up of remote working and distance learning. Indeed, some of these measures will need to be taken even before the war is over. Among these is remedial education to cope with the huge educational attainment losses experienced by many Ukrainian students first with COVID-19 and subsequently with the war. Programmes tailored to the specific needs of IDPs are also badly needed today, not just tomorrow. These emergency programmes should be financed largely by instruments connected with EU accession, possibly by providing grants rather than loans. Apart from the EU Structural Funds, the temporary support scheme put in place to mitigate unemployment risks in case of emergency, SURE, can be mobilised. SURE is currently available for member states that need to mobilise significant financial means to fight the negative economic and social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. It provides financial assistance up to EUR100 billion in the form of loans from the EU to address sudden increases in public expenditure for the preservation of employment.57 In the context of the accession process, the scope of SURE can be extended to support efforts to rebuild a better Ukrainian labour market. Progress made in implementing these policies will have to be constantly monitored and subject to rigorous evaluation. Substantial effort should therefore be made to ensure that Ukraine has a modern system of statistical monitoring of the labour market (existing data are not sufficiently detailed and harmonised). This would allow a more tailored and rigorous allocation of welfare transfers. Ukraine has for centuries been the gate to Europe. The human capital that it gathers is an asset for the entire continent, and the preservation and enhancement of this human capital is a matter of priority and concern for the EU as a whole." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku).
Erfasst von	Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, Nürnberg
Update	2023/1