When the Kids Grow Up: Women's Employment and Earnings across the Family Cycle.

Autor/inn/en	Goldin, Claudia; Kerr, Sari Pekkala; Olivetti, Claudia
Institution	National Bureau of Economic Research
Titel	When the Kids Grow Up: Women's Employment and Earnings across the Family Cycle. Gefälligkeitsübersetzung: Wenn die Kinder erwachsen werden: Beschäftigung und Verdienst von Frauen im Laufe des Familienzyklus.
Quelle	Cambridge, Mass. (2022), 41 S. PDF als Volltext Link als defekt meldenVerfügbarkeit
Reihe	NBER working paper. 30323
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	online; Monographie
DOI	10.3386/w30323
Schlagwörter	Mutter; Vater; Frau; Eltern; Einkommensunterschied; Einkommenseffekt; Einkommensentwicklung; Erwerbstätigkeit; Arbeitszeitentwicklung; Erwerbsbeteiligung; Individuelle Arbeitszeit; Qualifikation; Arbeitspapier; Auswirkung; Einflussfaktor; USA
Abstract	"Women earn less than men, and that is especially true of mothers relative to fathers. Much of the widening occurs after family formation when mothers reduce their hours of work. But what happens when the kids grow up? To answer that question, we estimate three earning gaps: the "motherhood penalty," the "price of being female," and the "fatherhood premium." When added together these three produce the "parental gender gap," defined as the difference in income between mothers and fathers. We estimate earnings gaps for two education groups (college graduates and high school graduates who did not complete college) using longitudinal data from the NLSY79 that tracks respondents from their twenties to their fifties. As the children grow up and as women work more hours, the motherhood penalty is greatly reduced, especially for the less-educated group. But fathers manage to expand their relative gains, particularly among college graduates. The parental gender gap in earnings remains substantial for both education groups." The study refers to the period 1979-2018. (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku)..
Erfasst von	Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, Nürnberg
Update	2023/1