Independent Contracting, Self-Employment, and Gig Work. Evidence from California Tax Data.

Autor/inn/en	Bernhardt, Annette; Campos, Christopher; Prohofsky, Allen; Ramesh, Aparna; Rothstein, Jesse
Institution	National Bureau of Economic Research
Titel	Independent Contracting, Self-Employment, and Gig Work. Evidence from California Tax Data.
Quelle	Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research (2022), 67 S. PDF als Volltext (1); PDF als Volltext (2) Link als defekt meldenVerfügbarkeit
Reihe	NBER working paper series. w30327
Beigaben	Illustrationen
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	online; Monographie; Graue Literatur
DOI	10.3386/w30327
Schlagwörter	Selbstständigkeit; Auftrag; Berufswahl; Arbeitspapier; Selbstständiger; Kalifornien; USA
Abstract	We use de-identified data from California personal income tax returns to measure the frequency and nature of independent contracting and self-employment work in California. We identify this work by the presence of a Schedule C on the tax return and/or the receipt of a Form 1099 information return. We estimate that 14.4% of California workers aged 18-64 in tax year 2016 had some independent contracting or self-employment income; about half of these workers also had earnings from traditional W-2 jobs during the year. We find that only a small share (1.4%) of workers had earnings from online labor platforms (often called gig work). Workers with low earnings were significantly more likely to earn independent contracting or self-employment income and to rely primarily or exclusively on that income. We explore the characteristics of workers engaging in independent contracting and self-employment and their distribution across family type, geography, and industry.
Erfasst von	ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Kiel
Update	2023/1