Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines.

Autor/inn/en	Huang, Junming; Gates, Alexander J.; Sinatra, Roberta; Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo
Titel	Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines. Gefälligkeitsübersetzung: Historischer Vergleich der geschlechtsspezifischen Ungleichheit in wissenschaftlichen Karrieren über Länder und Disziplinen.
Quelle	In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117 (2020) 9, S. 4609-4616 PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei Link als defekt meldenVerfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1091-6490
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1914221117
Schlagwörter	Frau; Geschichte (Histor); Produktivität; Arbeitsproduktivität; Berufsgruppe; Internationaler Vergleich; Differenz; Geschlechtsspezifik; Veröffentlichung; Welt; Mann; Wissenschaftler
Abstract	"Empirical evidence suggests significant gender differences in the total productivity and impact of academic careers across science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Paradoxically, the increase in the number of women academics over the past 60 years has increased these gender differences. Yet, we find that men and women publish a comparable number of papers per year and have equivalent career-wise impact for the same total number of publications. This suggests the productivity and impact of gender differences are explained by different publishing career lengths and dropout rates. This comprehensive picture of gender inequality in academic publishing can help rephrase the conversation around the sustainability of women's careers in academia, with important consequences for institutions and policy makers.There is extensive, yet fragmented, evidence of gender differences in academia suggesting that women are underrepresented in most scientific disciplines and publish fewer articles throughout a career, and their work acquires fewer citations. Here, we offer a comprehensive picture of longitudinal gender differences in performance through a bibliometric analysis of academic publishing careers by reconstructing the complete publication history of over 1.5 million gender-identified authors whose publishing career ended between 1955 and 2010, covering 83 countries and 13 disciplines. We find that, paradoxically, the increase of participation of women in science over the past 60 years was accompanied by an increase of gender differences in both productivity and impact. Most surprisingly, though, we uncover two gender invariants, finding that men and women publish at a comparable annual rate and have equivalent career-wise impact for the same size body of work. Finally, we demonstrate that differences in publishing career lengths and dropout rates explain a large portion of the reported career-wise differences in productivity and impact, although productivity differences still remain. This comprehensive picture of gender inequality in academia can help rephrase the conversation around the sustainability of women's careers in academia, with important consequences for institutions and policy makers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku).
Erfasst von	Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, Nürnberg
Update	2020/3