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| Autor/inn/en | Schröder-Abé, Michela; Rudolph, Almut; Wiesner, Anja; Schütz, Astrid |
|---|---|
| Titel | Self-esteem discrepancies and defensive reactions to social feedback. |
| Quelle | In: International journal of psychology, 42 (2007) 3, S. 174-183Infoseite zur Zeitschrift |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Dokumenttyp | gedruckt; Zeitschriftenaufsatz |
| ISSN | 0020-7594 |
| Schlagwörter | Abwehr (Psy); Selbstwertgefühl; Stimulation (Psy); Ambiguität; Selbstwertgefühl; Feedback; Ambiguität; Individueller Unterschied |
| Abstract | Recent research has provided increasing evidence that discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem (SE) are related to defensiveness. However, only one pattern, called fragile SE (a combination of high explicit and low implicit SE), has been the focus of research so far. Relatively little attention has been paid to the second possible SE discrepancy (low explicit/high implicit). Here it is proposed that both types of discrepancies are maladaptive, because they indicate a lack of integration in self-representation. The authors conducted 2 studies on the correlates of discrepant SE in the sphere of defensiveness. It was hypothesized that persons with discrepant SE exhibit more defensive behavior than individuals with congruent SE. In 2 student samples, explicit SE was measured by means of the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Scale. Implicit SE was measured with the Name Letter Technique (Study 1) and an Implicit Association Test (Study 2). In Study 1 (N = 102) effects of implicit and explicit SE on defensive reactions to ambiguous statements were examined. For this purpose, the Ambiguous Statements Task (AST, Tafarodi, 1998) was adapted, a procedure that measures participants' tendency to interpret ambiguous expressions in a positive vs negative manner. It was found that the combination of low explicit SE and high implicit SE was associated with a more positive interpretation of the ambiguous statements. Study 2 (N = 87) investigated the effects of discrepant SE on reactions to SE threat in an experimental setting. The time participants spent reading positive or negative social feedback was used as an unobtrusive measure of defensiveness. It was found that people with discrepant SE went through the negative feedback faster than people with congruent SE. In sum, the studies provide converging evidence that both kinds of discrepancies between implicit and explicit SE are related to defensive behavior. (ZPID). |
| Erfasst von | Leibniz-Institut für Psychologie, Trier |
| Update | 2008/1 |
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