Offside Decisions by Expert Assistant Referees in Association Football: Perception and Recall of Spatial Positions in Complex Dynamic Events

Autor/inn/en	Gilis, Bart; Helsen, Werner; Catteeuw, Peter; Wagemans, Johan
Titel	Offside Decisions by Expert Assistant Referees in Association Football: Perception and Recall of Spatial Positions in Complex Dynamic Events
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 14 (2008) 1, S.21-35 (15 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1076-898X
DOI	10.1037/1076-898X.14.1.21
Schlagwörter	Team Sports; Recall (Psychology); Spatial Ability; Decision Making; Experience; Specialists; Computer Simulation; Comparative Analysis; Foreign Countries; Belgium + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Mannschaftssport; Abberufung; Räumliches Vorstellungsvermögen; Decision-making; Entscheidungsfindung; Erfahrung; Computergrafik; Computersimulation; Ausland; Belgien
Abstract	This study investigated the offside decision-making process in association football. The first aim was to capture the specific offside decision-making skills in complex dynamic events. Second, we analyzed the type of errors to investigate the factors leading to incorrect decisions. Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA; n = 29) and Belgian elite (n = 28) assistant referees (ARs) assessed 64 computer-based offside situations. First, an expertise effect was found. The FIFA ARs assessed the trials more accurately than the Belgian ARs (76.4% vs. 67.5%). Second, regarding the type of error, all ARs clearly tended to raise their flag in doubtful situations. This observation could be explained by a perceptual bias associated with the flash-lag effect. Specifically, attackers were perceived ahead of their actual positions, and this tendency was stronger for the Belgian than for the FIFA ARs (11.0 vs. 8.4 pixels), in particular when the difficulty of the trials increased. Further experimentation is needed to examine whether video- and computer-based decision-making training is effective in improving the decision-making skills of ARs during the game. (Contains 1 table and 10 figures.) (Author).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10