Beyond Exemplars and Prototypes as Memory Representations of Natural Concepts: A Clustering Approach

Autor/inn/en	Verbeemen, Timothy; Vanpaemel, Wolf; Pattyn, Sven; Storms, Gert; Verguts, Tom
Titel	Beyond Exemplars and Prototypes as Memory Representations of Natural Concepts: A Clustering Approach
Quelle	In: Journal of Memory and Language, 56 (2007) 4, S.537-554 (18 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0749-596X
DOI	10.1016/j.jml.2006.09.006
Schlagwörter	Memory; Classification; Concept Formation; Multivariate Analysis; Models; Abstract Reasoning; Learning Strategies + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Gedächtnis; Classification system; Klassifikation; Klassifikationssystem; Concept learning; Begriffsbildung; Multivariate Analyse; Analogiemodell; Abstraktes Denken; Denken; Learning methode; Learning techniques; Lernmethode; Lernstrategie
Abstract	Categorization in well-known natural concepts is studied using a special version of the Varying Abstraction Framework (Vanpaemel, W., & Storms, G. (2006). A varying abstraction framework for categorization. Manuscript submitted for publication; Vanpaemel, W., Storms, G., & Ons, B. (2005). A varying abstraction model for categorization. In B. Bara, L. Barsalou, & M. Bucciarelli (Eds.), Proceedings of the 27th annual conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 2277-2282). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum). This framework assumes a continuum between highly abstract memory representations (prototypes) and highly detailed representations of concept members (exemplars). Comparison stimuli for categorization are obtained by taking for each category the centroids of a set of clusters, produced by K-means clustering, effectively producing the Generalized Context Model (GCM; Nosofsky, R. M. (1986) Attention, similarity, and the identification-categorization relationship. "Journal of Experimental Psychology: General." 115, 39-57) and the Single-Prototype Model as extreme cases. The clustering version of the Varying Abstraction Framework was fit on a set of novel, to-be-classified fruits and vegetables (Smits, Storms, Rosseel, & De Boeck, 2002) and on a new set of novel, to-be-classified carnivores and herbivores. Better fit values were clearly obtained for a model based on intermediately abstract representations, indicating a strategy where people compare the novel stimuli to a set of multiple prototypes. This sheds a new light on the prototype versus exemplar discussion that has dominated the literature over the past 25 years. (Author).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10