Testimony Bias Lingers across Development under Uncertainty

Autor/inn/en	Plate, Rista C.; Shutts, Kristin; Cochrane, Aaron; Green, C. Shawn; Pollak, Seth D.
Titel	Testimony Bias Lingers across Development under Uncertainty
Quelle	In: Developmental Psychology, 57 (2021) 12, S.2150-2164 (15 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Plate, Rista C.) ORCID (Shutts, Kristin) ORCID (Cochrane, Aaron) ORCID (Green, C. Shawn) ORCID (Pollak, Seth D.)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0012-1649
DOI	10.1037/dev0001253
Schlagwörter	Probability; Trust (Psychology); Preschool Children; Child Development; Bias; Reliability; Age Differences; Thinking Skills; Socialization; Personal Autonomy; Computer Games; Rewards; Decision Making; Vignettes; Cues; Comparative Analysis; Task Analysis + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung; Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie; Pre-school age; Preschool age; Child; Children; Pre-school education; Preschool education; Vorschulalter; Kind; Kinder; Vorschulkind; Vorschulkinder; Vorschulerziehung; Vorschule; Kindesentwicklung; Reliabilität; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Denkfähigkeit; Socialisation; Sozialisation; Individuelle Autonomie; Computer game; Computerspiel; Computerspiele; Reward; Belohnung; Decision-making; Entscheidungsfindung; Stichwort; Aufgabenanalyse
Abstract	Children have a powerful ability to track probabilistic information, but there are also situations in which young learners simply follow what another person says or does at the cost of obtaining rewards. This latter phenomenon, sometimes termed bias to trust in testimony, has primarily been studied in children preschool-age and younger, presumably because reasoning capacities improve with age. Less attention has been paid to situations in which testimony bias lingers--one possibility is that children revert to a testimony bias under conditions of uncertainty. Here, participants (4 to 9 years old) searched for rewards and received testimony that varied in reliability. We find support for testimony bias beyond preschool-age, particularly for uncertain testimony. Children were sensitive to trial-by-trial uncertainty (Experiment 1: N = 102, 59 boys, 43 girls; the sample included nine Hispanic/Latinx, 93 non-Hispanic/Latinx participants, of whom six were Black/African American, seven were Asian American, eight were multiracial, 77 were White, and four indicated "other" or did not respond), and with "uncertainty" defined as a one-time, unexpected change in the testimony (Experiment 3: N = 129; 68 boys, 61 girls; the sample included 12 Hispanic/Latinx, 117 non-Hispanic/Latinx [10 Black/African American, four Asian American, nine multiracial, 103 White, and three "other"]). However, the impact of the testimony bias decreased with age. These effects were specific to the testimony coming from another person as opposed to resulting from a computer glitch (Experiment 2: N = 89, 52 boys, 37 girls; five Hispanic/Latinx, 80 non-Hispanic/Latinx, of whom one was Black/African American, three were Asian American, 15 were multiracial, 66 were White, and four did not report race). Taken together, these experiments provide evidence of a disproportionate influence of testimony, even in children with more advanced reasoning skills. (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01