When Is Forewarned Forearmed? Predicting Auditory Distraction in Short-Term Memory

Autor/inn/en	Hughes, Robert W.; Marsh, John E.
Titel	When Is Forewarned Forearmed? Predicting Auditory Distraction in Short-Term Memory
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 46 (2020) 3, S.427-442 (16 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0278-7393
DOI	10.1037/xlm0000736
Schlagwörter	Auditory Stimuli; Short Term Memory; Prediction; Acoustics; Recall (Psychology); Verbal Communication; Task Analysis; Sentences; Attention Control; Foreign Countries; Interference (Learning); Sweden; United Kingdom (England) + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Auditive Stimulation; Kurzzeitgedächtnis; Vorhersage; Akustik; Abberufung; Aufgabenanalyse; Sentence analysis; Satzanalyse; Aufmerksamkeitstest; Ausland; Schweden
Abstract	Two experiments critically examined a predictive-coding based account of the vulnerability of short-term memory (STM) to auditory distraction, particularly the disruptive effect of changing-state sound on verbal serial recall. Experiment 1 showed that providing participants with the opportunity to predict the contents of an imminent spoken distractor sentence via a forewarning reduced its particularly disruptive effect but only to the same level of disruption as that produced by simpler changing-state sequences (a sequence of letter-names). Moreover, a postcategorically unpredictable changing-state sequence (e.g., "F, B, H, E, . . .") was no more disruptive than a postcategorically predictable sequence ("A, B, C, D, . . ."). Experiment 2 showed that a sentence distractor was disruptive regardless of whether participants reported adopting a serial rehearsal strategy to perform the focal task (in this case, a missing-item task) whereas, critically, the disruptive effect of simpler changing-state sequences was only found in participants who reported using a serial rehearsal strategy. Moreover, when serial rehearsal was not used to perform the focal task, the disruptive effect of sentences was completely abolished by a forewarning. These results indicate that predictability plays no role in the classical changing-state irrelevant sound effect and that foreknowledge selectively attenuates a functionally distinct stimulus-specific attentional-diversion effect. As such, the results are at odds with a unitary, attentional account of auditory distraction in STM and instead strongly support a duplex-mechanism account. (As Provided).
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Update	2024/1/01