Temporary agency work. National reports: Germany.

Literaturnachweis - Detailanzeige

Trefferliste

Autor/in	Garhammer, Manfred
Institution	European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
Titel	Temporary agency work. National reports: Germany. Gefälligkeitsübersetzung: Zeitarbeit. Länderberichte: Deutschland.
Quelle	Dublin (2002), 53 S.; 156 KB PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei Link als defekt meldenVerfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	online; Monographie; Graue Literatur
Schlagwörter	Korporatismus; Mitbestimmung; Soziale Sicherung; Arbeitnehmerüberlassung; Arbeitsbedingungen; Betriebsvereinbarung; Leiharbeit; Lohnhöhe; Personalanpassung; Beschäftigungsentwicklung; Leiharbeitnehmer; Zeitarbeit; Befristeter Arbeitsvertrag; Randbelegschaft; Weiterbildung; Internationaler Vergleich; Sektorale Verteilung; Europäische Union; Arbeitnehmer; Deutschland
Abstract	"The UK, France, the Netherlands and Germany together account for 90% of TAW in the EU. TAW is rapidly on the increase in Germany. In the course of 2000 about 700,000 temps have been engaged (flow-data). Still, TAW constitutes a small (320,000 = 1.0% of total employment - stock data) but a very dynamic segment of the German labour market (20% annual growth rate). Compared to other countries these numbers are not controversial as TAW in Germany has to be registered according to the AÜG. In Germany TAW is widely regulated by the Labour Placement Act (AÜG) valid since 1972. This legislation reflects the special necessity for protection of temps due to the tri-angular relationship. In Germany agencies bear the full employers' risk. Utilisation of TAW was liberalised considerably in 1997 and 1998. In the view of employers' associations and more and more the unions, TAW provides new opportunities to get out of unemployment. The profit-based agencies - ten years ago carrying a negative image - have gained increasing acceptance for promoting employment: About 50% of the temps had been unemployed before starting TAW, about 30% are said to find a permanent job in the user-company. However, there are no longitudinal data proving the long-term labour market effects. Compared to other European societies only few labour market entrants (10%) are involved, 3% were academics. However, agencies are currently discovering this high-value-segment of the highly skilled, their better image helps them to address academics. Still, 60% of German temps are male manual industrial workers with no or low skills. This reflects the structure of the 'old economy' in Germany which correlates to the structure of unemployed. The perspective of a 'social European Union' makes it necessary to shift the focus from the quantitative labour market effects to the quality of jobs created by TAW. With regards on this issue there is a lack of data particularly in Germany. Hence, only selected findings can be presented: - There is clear evidence for poor remuneration and working conditions. Wages are by 30% lower compared to permanent workers. This comparison implies problems in defining what comparable workers are. - There are nearly 10,000 businesses and therefore a strong price competition: Smaller companies in the unskilled segment contribute to rock-bottom-wages (8 DM/h is not rare). - Main problems for temps are a lack of social security and of benefits connected to the status of a permanent worker. Temps have short missions both in user companies and in agencies: the majority only lasts up to three months. Many agencies do not provide training opportunities for their employees except the GAÜ (section 9) which particularly were sponsored for re-integrating long-term-unemployed as well as agencies in high-value-niches. - Temps make up a tiny minority of unions' members. They are only marginally included in co-determination acc. to BetrVerfG both in the agencies and in user-companies. With the exception of Randstad there is no nation-wide agreement. Although TAW is widely regulated by the AÜG (obligations for agencies to be licensed; one year limit) and by agreements at company level temps still lack equal working conditions, pay and employment stability compared to permanent full-time employees. This marginal position of TAW-workers partially results from the German corporatist model established by the Social Partners to protect a long-term employment career of skilled workers in the permanent core workforce of industrial work. During the last decades this model has undergone remarkable changes. New legislation has increased flexibility in labour markets and facilitated TAW." Die Untersuchung enthält quantitative Daten. Forschungsmethode: deskriptive Studie; Metaanalyse; empirisch. (author's abstract, IAB-Doku).
Erfasst von	Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, Nürnberg
Update	2007/3