Age and Experience Shape Developmental Changes in the Neural Basis of Language-Related Learning

Autor/inn/en	McNealy, Kristin; Mazziotta, John C.; Dapretto, Mirella
Titel	Age and Experience Shape Developmental Changes in the Neural Basis of Language-Related Learning
Quelle	In: Developmental Science, 14 (2011) 6, S.1261-1282 (22 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1363-755X
DOI	10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01075.x
Schlagwörter	Language Acquisition; Brain; Experience; Individual Development; Age Differences; Change; Speech; Cues; Children; Adults; Longitudinal Studies; Case Studies; Puberty; Language Proficiency; Second Languages + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Sprachaneignung; Spracherwerb; Gehirn; Erfahrung; Individuelle Entwicklung; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Wandel; Speaking; Sprechen; Stichwort; Child; Kind; Kinder; Longitudinal study; Longitudinal method; Longitudinal methods; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Case study; Fallstudie; Case Study; Pubertät; Language skill; Language skills; Sprachkompetenz; Second language; Zweitsprache
Abstract	Very little is known about the neural underpinnings of language learning across the lifespan and how these might be modified by maturational and experiential factors. Building on behavioral research highlighting the importance of early word segmentation (i.e. the detection of word boundaries in continuous speech) for subsequent language learning, here we characterize developmental changes in brain activity as this process occurs online, using data collected in a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal design. One hundred and fifty-six participants, ranging from age 5 to adulthood, underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while listening to three novel streams of continuous speech, which contained either strong statistical regularities, strong statistical regularities and speech cues, or weak statistical regularities providing minimal cues to word boundaries. All age groups displayed significant signal increases over time in temporal cortices for the streams with high statistical regularities; however, we observed a significant right-to-left shift in the laterality of these learning-related increases with age. Interestingly, only the 5- to 10-year-old children displayed significant signal increases for the stream with low statistical regularities, suggesting an age-related decrease in sensitivity to more subtle statistical cues. Further, in a sample of 78 10-year-olds, we examined the impact of proficiency in a second language and level of pubertal development on learning-related signal increases, showing that the brain regions involved in language learning are influenced by both experiential and maturational factors. (As Provided).
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Update	2017/4/10