Frequency Drives Lexical Access in Reading but Not in Speaking: The Frequency-Lag Hypothesis

Autor/inn/en	Gollan, Tamar H.; Slattery, Timothy J.; Goldenberg, Diane; Van Assche, Eva; Duyck, Wouter; Rayner, Keith
Titel	Frequency Drives Lexical Access in Reading but Not in Speaking: The Frequency-Lag Hypothesis
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 140 (2011) 2, S.186-209 (24 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0096-3445
DOI	10.1037/a0022256
Schlagwörter	Semantics; Eye Movements; Monolingualism; Language Processing; Word Frequency; Lexicology; Reading Skills; Language Proficiency; English (Second Language); Spanish Speaking; Bilingualism; Pictorial Stimuli; Reading Processes; Cognitive Processes; Foreign Countries; Undergraduate Students; Context Effect; Vocabulary; Reaction Time; Incidence; Belgium; California + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Semantik; Augenbewegung; Sprachverarbeitung; Word analysis; Frequency; Wortanalyse; Häufigkeit; Lexikologie; Reading skill; Lesefertigkeit; Language skill; Language skills; Sprachkompetenz; English as second language; English; Second Language; Englisch als Zweitsprache; Bilingualismus; Fantasieanregung; Leseprozess; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess; Ausland; Wortschatz; Reaktionsvermögen; Vorkommen; Belgien; Kalifornien
Abstract	To contrast mechanisms of lexical access in production versus comprehension we compared the effects of word frequency (high, low), context (none, low constraint, high constraint), and level of English proficiency (monolingual, Spanish-English bilingual, Dutch-English bilingual) on picture naming, lexical decision, and eye fixation times. Semantic constraint effects were larger in production than in reading. Frequency effects were larger in production than in reading without constraining context but larger in reading than in production with constraining context. Bilingual disadvantages were modulated by frequency in production but not in eye fixation times, were not smaller in low-constraint contexts, and were reduced by high-constraint contexts only in production and only at the lowest level of English proficiency. These results challenge existing accounts of bilingual disadvantages and reveal fundamentally different processes during lexical access across modalities, entailing a primarily semantically driven search in production but a frequency-driven search in comprehension. The apparently more interactive process in production than comprehension could simply reflect a greater number of frequency-sensitive processing stages in production. (Contains 4 tables, 5 figures and 4 footnotes.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10