Racial and Ethnic Identity: Developmental Perspectives and Research

Autor/in	Quintana, Stephen M.
Institution	American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
Titel	Racial and Ethnic Identity: Developmental Perspectives and Research
Quelle	In: Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54 (2007) 3, S.259-270 (12 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0022-0167
Schlagwörter	Longitudinal Studies; Ethnicity; Racial Identification; Developmental Stages; Racial Bias; Social Bias; Adolescents; Age Differences; Predictor Variables; Adjustment (to Environment); Socialization; Social Influences; Cultural Influences; Minority Groups; Counseling + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Longitudinal study; Longitudinal method; Longitudinal methods; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Ethnizität; Racial discrimination; Rassismus; Adolescent; Adolescence; Adoleszenz; Jugend; Jugendalter; Jugendlicher; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Prädiktor; Socialisation; Sozialisation; Sozialer Einfluss; Cultural influence; Kultureinfluss; Ethnische Minderheit; Counselling; Beratung
Abstract	Developmental research is reviewed to evaluate how race, ethnicity, racial identity, and ethnic identity are defined and investigated for minority populations. First reviewed is how these terms are used in developmental and counseling research. Early practices limited these terms to their demographic denotations (e.g., heritage), but more recent practices have expanded to include socially constructed connotations. Second, developmental research was used to evaluate key assumptions in theories of racial and ethnic identity development, with an emphasis on recent longitudinal studies. Research supports some, but not all, of these developmental predictions. Longitudinal research supported the progressive nature of ethnic and racial identity development and that exposure to racism appears to stimulate further identity development during adolescence. In contrast, available evidence does not support the claims of a developmental hierarchy for racial ideologies and that identity crises are normative. Adjustment was not predicted by a single racial or ethnic identity ideology, but research suggested that the adolescent's sociocultural identity and socialization should be tailored to the nature of the racial and ethnic context for development. Implications for counseling research and practice are offered. (Author).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10