Familial Influences on Sustained Attention and Inhibition in Preschoolers

Autor/inn/en	Groot, Alexia S.; De Sonneville, Leo M. J.; Stins, John F.; Boomsma, Dorret I.
Titel	Familial Influences on Sustained Attention and Inhibition in Preschoolers
Quelle	In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45 (2004) 2, S.306-314 (9 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0021-9630
DOI	10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00222.x
Schlagwörter	Twins; Reaction Time; Attention Deficit Disorders; Inhibition; Measures (Individuals); Environmental Influences; Children; Attention Control; Computer Assisted Testing; Neuropsychology; Teacher Attitudes; Questionnaires; Task Analysis; Scores; Genetics; Time on Task; Preschool Children + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Twin; Zwilling; Reaktionsvermögen; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ADHS; Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit-Hyperaktivitäts-Störung; Aufmerksamkeitsstörung; Hemmung; Messdaten; Environmental influence; Umwelteinfluss; Child; Kind; Kinder; Aufmerksamkeitstest; Neuropsychologie; Lehrerverhalten; Fragebogen; Aufgabenanalyse; Humangenetik; Zeitaufwand; Pre-school age; Preschool age; Children; Pre-school education; Preschool education; Vorschulalter; Vorschulkind; Vorschulkinder; Vorschulerziehung; Vorschule
Abstract	Background: In this study several aspects of attention were studied in 237 nearly 6-year-old twin pairs. Specifically, the ability to sustain attention and inhibition were investigated using a computerized test battery (Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks). Furthermore, the Teacher's Report Form (TRF) was filled out by the teacher of the child and the attention subscale of this questionnaire was analyzed. Methods: The variance in performance on the different tasks of the test battery and the score on the attention scale of the TRF were decomposed into a contribution of the additive effects of many genes (A), environmental effects that are shared by twins (C) and unique environmental influences not shared by twins (E) by using data from MZ and DZ twins. Results: The genetic model fitting results showed an effect of A and E for the attention scale of the TRF, and for some of the inhibition and sustained attention measures. For most of the attention variables, however, it was not possible to decide between a model with A and E or a model with C and E. Time-on-task effects on reaction time or number of errors and the delay after making an error did not show familial resemblances. A remarkable finding was that the heritability of the attention scale of the TRF was found to be higher than the heritability of indices that can be considered to be more direct measures of attention, such as mean tempo in the sustained attention task and response speed in the Go-NoGo task. Conclusion: In preschoolers, familial resemblances on sustained attention and inhibition were observed. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10