Economic Impact of Childhood and Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the United States

Autor/inn/en	Doshi, Jalpa A.; Hodgkins, Paul; Kahle, Jennifer; Sikirica, Vanja; Cangelosi, Michael J.; Setyawan, Juliana; Erder, M. Haim; Neumann, Peter J.
Titel	Economic Impact of Childhood and Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the United States
Quelle	In: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51 (2012) 10, S.990-1002 (13 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0890-8567
DOI	10.1016/j.jaac.2012.07.008
Schlagwörter	Program Effectiveness; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Adolescents; Age; Mental Disorders; Economic Impact; Costs; Adults; Control Groups; Inclusion; Research; Influences; Children; United States + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Adolescent; Adolescence; Adoleszenz; Jugend; Jugendalter; Jugendlicher; Alter; Lebensalter; Mental illness; Geisteskrankheit; Ökonomische Determinanten; Cost; Kosten; Inklusion; Forschung; Influence; Einfluss; Einflussfaktor; Child; Kind; Kinder; USA
Abstract	Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent mental disorders in children in the United States and often persists into adulthood with associated symptomatology and impairments. This article comprehensively reviews studies reporting ADHD-related incremental (excess) costs for children/adolescents and adults and presents estimates of annual national incremental costs of ADHD. Method: A systematic search for primary United States-based studies published from January 1, 1990 through June 30, 2011 on costs of children/adolescents and adults with ADHD and their family members was conducted. Only studies in which mean annual incremental costs per individual with ADHD above non-ADHD controls were reported or could be derived were included. Per-person incremental costs were adjusted to 2010 U.S. dollars and converted to annual national incremental costs of ADHD based on 2010 U.S. Census population estimates, ADHD prevalence rates, number of household members, and employment rates by age group. Results: Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall national annual incremental costs of ADHD ranged from $143 to $266 billion (B). Most of these costs were incurred by adults ($105B-$194B) compared with children/adolescents ($38B-$72B). For adults, the largest cost category was productivity and income losses ($87B-$138B). For children, the largest cost categories were health care ($21B-$44B) and education ($15B-$25B). Spillover costs borne by the family members of individuals with ADHD were also substantial ($33B-$43B). Conclusion: Despite a wide range in the magnitude of the cost estimates, this study indicates that ADHD has a substantial economic impact in the United States. Implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed. (Contains 3 figures and 3 tables.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10